A survey of the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, and fusarochromanone) in corn and wheat samples from Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces, China

Luo, Yunbo; Yoshizawa, Takumi; Js, Yang; Sy, Zhang; Bj, Zhang

doi:10.1007/bf03192221

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…have been found often [14]. More recently in Shaanxi and Shanxi Prefectures, Luo et al [11] have shown that Fusarium sp. producing known trichothecenes are involved in the fungal contamination of staple foods in endemic KBD areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of mycotoxins in Kashin-Beck disease

Haubruge

Chasseur²,

Debouck³

et al. 2001

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic chemical compounds produced by fungi infesting agricultural crops both during their growth and storage. Such secondary metabolites, when ingested, can produce toxic syndromes in humans. As it has been suggested that mycotoxins might be involved in the development of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), we undertook a survey of barley grains of KBD-affected families and non-affected families in that country. We found, by thin layer chromatography, a hitherto unknown metabolite of Alternaria sp. This was especially common on the barley grains of KBD-affected families.Résumé Les mycotoxines sont des métabolites secondaires produits des champignons infestant les céréales au cours de la période culturale ou durant le stockage des grains. De telles substances chimiques peuvent être toxiques vis-à-vis de l'homme lorsqu'elle sont ingérées. La contamination des grains de céréales par des mycotoxines constitue toutefois une piste sérieuse pour la compré-hension de l'étiologie de la maladie de Kashin-Beck.Nous avons entrepris des analyses de plusieurs mycotoxines sur des échantillons de grains d'orge provenant de familles malades et de familles non malades au Tibet. Un métabolite, encore inconnu, produit par Alternaria spp. a été détecté dans les échantillons de grains provenant des familles malades.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of mycotoxins in Kashin-Beck disease

Haubruge

Chasseur²,

Debouck³

et al. 2001

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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“…1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Milanez¹,

Valente-Soares²

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Investigou-se a incidência de desoxinivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIN), diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS) e toxinas T-2 (T2) e HT-2 (HT2) em 80 amostras de milho do estado de São Paulo/ Brasil, coletadas nos silos de duas cooperativas deste estado. As amostras foram extraídas com água/ acetonitrila e purificadas com colunas Mycosep. Após derivatização com anidrido trifluoroacético as amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas. Os limites de detecção ficaram entre 10 ng g -1 e 40 ng g -1. NIV foi encontrada em 5 amostras e DON e NIV ocorreram simultaneamente numa das amostras. DAS, T2 e HT2 não foram detectadas. Este é o primeiro relato que mostra a prevalência de NIV sobre DON em milho do Brasil.The incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and toxins T-2 (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) in 80 samples of commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. They were collected in the silos of the two largest corn farmer's cooperatives of this state. The samples were extracted with water/acetonitrile and cleaned-up with MycoSep columns. After trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization the samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detection limits ranged from 10 ng g -1 to 40 ng g -1 . NIV was present in 5 samples and DON and NIV occurred simultaneously in one sample. DAS, T2 and HT2 were not detected. This is the first report that shows the prevalence of NIV over DON in corn harvested in Brazil. Keywords: corn, GC-MS, trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol IntroductionTrichothecenes constitute a group of toxic substances produced mainly by Fusarium among several different fungal genera.1 These compounds have in common the presence of the system 12, 13 -epoxy-trichotec-9-en in their structures.2,3 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and the toxins T2 (T2) and HT2 (HT2), deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are among the trichothecenes with greater natural occurrence in food and feed. [4][5][6] The ingestion of feed contaminated with trichothecenes has been shown to be toxic and to cause feed refusal, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, hematological and immunological alterations and even death. Similar symptoms have been observed in humans exposed to trichothecenes. 1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al. 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample. Oliveira et al. 17reported the presence of DON in 6% of samples of popcorn in levels ranging from 30 to 770 ng g -1 . Several methods are used to determine trichothecenes, such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassays. 7,18,19 More recently some methods have been developed using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for identification and determination of trichothecenes type...

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“…[2] and Fusarium spp. [12]. The Fusarium species, particularly F. oxysporum and F. monoliforme, were also isolated from corn [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4-year study of the mycological aspects of Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet

Chasseur

Suetens

Michel

et al. 2001

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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In order to clarify the association between mycotoxin-producing fungi in food and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), we examined the occurrence and contamination levels of fungi in samples of barley grain, from KBD-affected families and from unaffected families in endemic areas. A control area without the occurrence of KBD served as reference. The first results obtained in 1995 showed that total mesophilic fungal contamination of barley grain was consistently higher in families with KBD. Trichothecium roseum (Pers) Link ex gray, Dreschlera Ito and Alternaria Nees ex Fr. were the three most common fungi significantly associated with KBD. In 1996 we again observed a significant difference between affected and non-affected families, especially with Trichothecium roseum and Ulocladium Preuss. On this basis, measures to prevent KBD were suggested and a preventive program has been set up since 1998 in 20 new villages.Résumé Afin de vérifier l'hypothèse d'une relation entre la contamination des aliments par des moisissures et leurs toxines, avec la maladie de Kashin-Beck, nous avons évalué l'occurrence et le taux de contamination fongique dans les grains d'orge. Les études ont été menées en zones endémiques, chez des familles affectées par la maladie et chez des familles non-affectées. Une vallée contrôle, non affectée, a servi de référence. Les premières données obtenues en 1995 montre que le taux de contamination totale des grains d'orge par les moisissures mésophiles est régulièrement plus élevé chez les familles avec KBD. Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex gray, Dreschlera Ito et Alternaria Nees ex Fr. sont les trois fongus dont la présence est significativement corrélée avec la maladie. En 1996, nous avons à nouveau obtenu une différence significative entre les familles affectées et non affectées, particulièrement pour Trichothecium roseum et Ulocladium Preuss. Sur cette base, des mesures pour éviter le KBD furent suggérées et un programme préventif a démarré en 1998 dans 20 nouveaux villages.

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A survey of the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, and fusarochromanone) in corn and wheat samples from Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces, China

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

The prevalence of mycotoxins in Kashin-Beck disease

The prevalence of mycotoxins in Kashin-Beck disease

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

A 4-year study of the mycological aspects of Kashin-Beck disease in Tibet

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