A survey of the conjugated fatty acids of seed oils

Abstract

Fatty acids with conjugated unsaturation occur in many seed oiIs. Thirty of these acids are reviewed with emphasis on their detection, isolation, and structure determination. Their distribution among plant families is shown, and a botanical source of each acid is given. Some reactions, derivatives, and methods of determining configuration are described. Current theories of their biosynthesis in the seed, involving oxygenated precursors, are summarized.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in Pomegranate Seed Oil Stabilized Using Laser Ablation

“…PSO contains punicic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid and steric acid [1] (Fig. 1).…”

Comparison of Separation of Seed Oil Triglycerides Containing Isomeric Conjugated Octadecatrienoic Acid Moieties by Reversed-Phase HPLC

“…Only restricted number of the natural isomers was found in plant sources. First, in the isomers, the middle C=C-bond has only trans-configuration [9]. Moreover, only two positional isomers are synthesized in plant seeds: octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic and octadeca-8,10,12-trienoic acids [17].…”

“…For the same conjugated double bonds position (9,11,13) along the carbon chain, the sequence of elution times is: Pu < Cat < αEl < βEl,…”

“…Mainly natural octadecatrienoic acids (conjugated linolenic acids, CLnA) [2] are synthesized in some plant seeds, being the substances under investigation in current paper. Other types of acid with more complex structure also known, for example, parinaric (octadecatetraenoic acid), some hydroxylated acids (α-kamlolenic acid) and acids with acetylenic bonds in conjugation [9].…”

Conjugated Fatty Acid Synthesis

“…Punicic acid is found in pomegranate (Punica granatum) and snakegourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii) seeds, catalpic acid is present in catalpa (Catalpa bignonoides and Catalpa ovata) seeds, and ␤-ESA is present in pomegranate, bitter gourd, and catalpa seeds (4,5). Additional positional isoforms of ␣-ESA known are calendic acid (18:3 ⌬ 8trans,10trans,12cis ) and jacaric acid (18:3 ⌬ 8cis,10trans,12cis ) and are present in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) and jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifiola) seeds, respectively (6,7).…”