Conjugated Fatty Acid Synthesis

Rawat, Richa; Yu, Xiaohong; Sweet, M.; Shanklin, John

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.325316

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The FAD2 enzymes not only have desaturase activity, but can also perform other fatty acid modifications, including hydroxylation [35], epoxidation [36], and formation of acetylene bonds [37, 38] and conjugated double bonds [39, 40]. Some FAD2 enzymes had more than two functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

Miao

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundLinoleic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for all eukaryotes. Microsomal delta-12 (Δ12) oleate desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid biosynthesis. Desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala is rich in linoleic acid, it has a large FAD2 gene family with twenty-six members. The aim of this work is to unveil the difference and potentially functionality of AsFAD2 family members.ResultsFull-length cDNAs of twenty-one AsFAD2 genes were obtained from A. sphaerocephala. The putative polypeptides encoded by AsFAD2 family genes showed a high level of sequence similarity and were relatively conserved during evolution. The motif composition was also relatively conservative. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the AsFAD2–1 gene was strongly expressed in developing seeds, which may be closely associated with the high accumulating ability of linoleic acid in A. sphaerocephala seeds. Although different AsFAD2 family members showed diverse response to salt stress, the overall mRNA levels of the AsFAD2 family genes was stable. Transient expression of AsFAD2 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that the encoded proteins were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that only three AsFAD2 enzymes, AsFAD2–1, − 10, and − 23, were Δ12 oleate desaturases, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid, whereas AsFAD2–1 and AsFAD2–10 could also produce palmitolinoleic acid.ConclusionsThis research reported the cloning, expression studies, subcellular localization and functional identification of the large AsFAD2 gene family. These results should be helpful in understanding fatty acid biosynthesis in A. sphaerocephala, and has the potential to be applied in the study of plant fatty acids traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

Miao

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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“…As discussed, α-ESA, the isomer of CLNA is widely allocated among members of the family Cucurbitaceae, in particular WBM and bitter gourd. α-ESA is responsible for greater than 60%, and 30% of the total fatty acid in the seed oil is composed of bitter melon [ 111 ] and WBM [ 112 ]. It also accounts for around 19% of the total fatty acid composition of WBM ethyl acetate extracts.…”

Section: Momordica Charantia L Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Impacts of Alpha-Eleostearic Acid from Wild Bitter Melon and Curcumin on Promotion of CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain 2: Therapeutic Roles in CNS Injuries and Diseases

Kung

Lin

2021

IJMS

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Neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function are related to the cause of aging, neurodegeneration, and neurotrauma. The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), exaggerating these two pathologies, underlies the pathogenesis for the aforementioned injuries and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) belongs to the human NEET protein family with the [2Fe-2S] cluster. CISD2 has been verified as an NFκB antagonist through the association with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β). This protective protein can be attenuated under circumstances of CNS injuries and diseases, thereby causing NFκB activation and exaggerating NFκB-provoked neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function. Consequently, CISD2-elevating plans of action provide pathways in the management of various disease categories. Various bioactive molecules derived from plants exert protective anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and serve as natural antioxidants, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Herein, we have summarized pharmacological characters of the two phytochemicals, namely, alpha-eleostearic acid (α-ESA), an isomer of conjugated linolenic acids derived from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.), and curcumin, a polyphenol derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. In this review, the unique function of the CISD2-elevating effect of α-ESA and curcumin are particularly emphasized, and these natural compounds are expected to serve as a potential therapeutic target for CNS injuries and diseases.

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“…However, beyond those that catalyze reactions using ACP substrates, most fatty acid modification and metabolic enzymes are membrane-associated and more challenging for structure-based engineering. An abundance of primary structural data from related enzymes of diverse function has enabled domain swapping experiments to identify domains or specific amino acid residues that are critical for divergent functional properties of enzymes such as FAD2-and FAE1-related enzymes (e.g., Blacklock & Jaworski, 2002;Broun, Shanklin, et al, 1998;Rawat et al, 2012). The use of primary sequence diversity coupled with directed evolution using a yeastbased selection system has also been effective for developing DGATs with enhanced activity (Chen et al, 2017;Hernandez Lozada et al, 2018;Roesler et al, 2016;Siloto et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Emerging Strategies For Metabolic Engineering Of Unusual Fatty Acid Biosynthesis In Oilseeds and Biomass Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sustainable production of value‐added bioenergy and industrial oils in oilseed and biomass feedstocks

et al. 2021

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Conjugated Fatty Acid Synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

Beneficial Impacts of Alpha-Eleostearic Acid from Wild Bitter Melon and Curcumin on Promotion of CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain 2: Therapeutic Roles in CNS Injuries and Diseases

Toward sustainable production of value‐added bioenergy and industrial oils in oilseed and biomass feedstocks

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