“…Furthermore, for the former case, Johnson's rule gives a 2-approximation regardless of the number of unavailable intervals; On the other hand, for the latter case, there is no polynomial time constant approximation for any constant even if there are only two unavailable intervals on the second machine and the first machine is always available. Many heuristics, meta-heuristics and exact methods are developed for the general problem, see the surveys [18], [21], [22], [20] and the references therein for more details.…”