A Surface Pitting Life Model for Spur Gears: Part I—Life Prediction

Blake, John W.; Cheng, H. S.

doi:10.1115/1.2920683

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Under these conditions, any crack propagation can be explained only after assuming an effective mode II propagation (or mode II combined with mode III). The mode II propagation was supported by Fleming and Suh [19], Keer and Bryant [20], O'regan et al [21], Kaneta [22] et al, Blake and Cheng [23], and more recently by Choi and Liu [24][25][26]. In contrast, Ding et al [8,9,27,28] clearly distinguished these two different phases.…”

Section: Subsurface Spalling and Case Crushingmentioning

confidence: 86%

Surface and subsurface rolling contact fatigue characteristic depths and proposal of stress indexes

Santus

Beghini

Bartilotta

et al. 2012

International Journal of Fatigue

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The rolling contact fatigue is distinguished into subsurface initiated (spalling and case crushing) and surface initiated (pitting and micropitting). A characteristic depth was identified for each of these mechanism. The characteristic depth of the case crushing is the hardening depth, while for the spalling it is the maximum cyclic shear stress depth. The pitting depth is the size of the crack for which the mode I stress intensity factor range, due to the fluid pressurization, is higher than the threshold. This depth can be similar to the micropitting depth, in the order of 10 µm, for heavily loaded small radius contacts. Rolling contact fatigue cyclic shear stress indexes are then defined on the basis of the characteristic depths, and they identify the load intensity of each rolling contact fatigue mechanism. The characteristic depths and the stress index approach can be used to relate specific tests to component design, without any size effect misinterpretation

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Section: Subsurface Spalling and Case Crushingmentioning

confidence: 86%

Surface and subsurface rolling contact fatigue characteristic depths and proposal of stress indexes

Santus

Beghini

Bartilotta

et al. 2012

International Journal of Fatigue

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“…9 will extend inward with the effect of continuing loads, and then head to the surface. Some studies [9,10] accepted the angle between the crack and the surface as 25°, but other studies [6] showed that 22°gave better results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contact Fatigue Failure of a Tapered Roller Bearing Used in a Lorry Wheel

Kayalı

Ucun

Aslantaş

2009

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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Tapered roller bearings, which are also known as angular-contact bearing, are suitable for supporting radial and axial loads. The more frequent types of defects in such bearings are caused by contact fatigue in these machine components, and this examination focuses on a contact fatigue failure in a tapered rolling bearing. The examination included visual inspection, microscopic analysis (optical and scanning electron microscope), and microhardness measurements. These measurements were conducted to help understand the failure mechanisms. Based on the results of visual examination and microstructure and fracture surface analysis, it was determined that the tapered roller bearing failed by contact fatigue that was caused by overloading of the bearing.

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“…In the analysis reported in these figures, the effect of the values of a0 on the reliability index seems to be larger than that of aC. In practice, the initial crack size a0 could be determined using statistical approach based on enough samples; the critical crack size aC can be estimated from the critical stress intensity factor , which could be determined from experiments [38][39] or numerical simulation methods, e.g. the virtual crack extension method (VEC) [48] an important issue for reliability-based probabilistic contact fatigue analysis of gears for onshore and offshore wind turbines.…”

Section: Reliability Results and Sensitivity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving force for crack propagation in rolling contacts depends on the maximum shear stress [37]. In 1991, Blake and Cheng [38] developed a simplified model to calculate the mode II stress intensity factors, which is given as follows:…”

Section: Case Study Surface Pitting Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gear Contact Fatigue Reliability Analysis for Wind Turbines Under Stochastic Dynamic Conditions Considering Inspection and Repair

Dong

Moan

Gao

2014

Volume 4A: Structures, Safety and Reliability

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Reliability is one of the most important features of the wind turbine gearbox, especially in offshore wind turbines (OWTs). This paper describes a general way to perform gear contact fatigue reliability analysis for wind turbines considering inspection and repair. A simplified predictive surface pitting model for estimating gear fatigue lives is applied to establish the 'so-called' limit stated functions. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)'s 750kW land-based wind turbine is used to perform time domain simulations considering different wind speeds that the turbine will experience, whose occurrence frequencies are described by a generalized gamma distribution. The time series of the torques in the main shaft are obtained from the global dynamic response analysis of the wind turbine. The time series of the gear contact forces are obtained from the dynamic analysis of the gearbox through multi-body simulation. The 2-parameter Weibull distribution is used to fit the long-term probability distribution of the gear tooth contact pressures. The reliability analysis is based on fracture mechanics (FM) analysis of crack growth. Finally the sensitivity of the reliability index and failure probability on initial crack size, critical crack size, detectable crack size, crack size after repair, material property and environmental loads is estimated considering the effect of inspection.

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A Surface Pitting Life Model for Spur Gears: Part I—Life Prediction

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Surface and subsurface rolling contact fatigue characteristic depths and proposal of stress indexes

Surface and subsurface rolling contact fatigue characteristic depths and proposal of stress indexes

Contact Fatigue Failure of a Tapered Roller Bearing Used in a Lorry Wheel

Gear Contact Fatigue Reliability Analysis for Wind Turbines Under Stochastic Dynamic Conditions Considering Inspection and Repair

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