Surface pitting is a major failure mode for gears. Estimation of failure probability and service life are important in gear design. Current techniques give only a pass/fail rating based on semi-empirical methods. A predictive model for estimating service lives and failure probabilities has been developed. This paper discusses the life prediction analysis, which is based on propagation of a surface breaking crack under rolling/sliding contact conditions. The effects of both surface roughness and non-metallic inclusions can be included. While predicted lives are lower than expected, trends observed through parametric variation are consistent with service behavior.
Relative attractiveness of Crassostrea virginica and Modiolus demissus to Urosalpinx was studied to determine whether oxygen consumption of prey is correlated with selection by the predator. Comparisons between individuals of one prey species and both species demonstrated a direct correlation between oxygen consumption (used as an index of respiratory metabolism) and number of Urosalpinx attracted. Four factors affecting metabolic rate of prey were studied: species, age, growth rate, and feeding. In each case the more attractive animals had a proportionately higher respiratory rate. Urosalpinx responded in equal numbers to groups of prey of different individual, but equal group, respiratory rates. Thus this work supports the hypothesis that a metabolic product mediates the predator’s choice of a particular individual within a group of prey. Selection is independent of concentration of dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide.
His technical interests are computer engineering technology, production operations, industrial management, and industrial archeology. He also instructs ethics and senior seminar courses in the university's general education program, and is an advocate of the importance of including technological literacy across the university curriculum. Prior to SSU, he was employed at McDonnell Douglas Corporation (now Boeing), St. Louis, Mo., as an engineer and manager. He is a member of ASEE, AIAA (Associate Fellow), ASEM (Fellow), and ATMAE.
A predictive pitting model for estimating failure probabilities and service lives has been developed. This paper presents the failure probability analysis and a discussion of the model’s application to spur gears. Probability estimates are based on an initial crack size distribution and on possible interaction between cracks and inclusions. Plots of the fraction of components experiencing pitting (percent) versus life show less spread than would be expected. However, trends predicted based on parametric variation are consistent with service behavior. The model is applied by linking the pitting model with a spur gear performance code. Results are compared with AGMA standards.
A person who has achieved technological literacy has an understanding of technology. It is tempting to assume that people with degrees in engineering and engineering technology are either technologically literate by nature or become literate by osmosis through study and practice. However, the breadth of knowledge and understanding necessary for technological literacy is such that, for our students, this needs to be addressed directly in the program of study. Technological literacy goes well beyond developing specific abilities in the use, analysis, design, and application of specific elements of technology to issues of the relationship between technology and society, such as recognizing the importance of technology in our lives and our collective ability to direct or restrict technological change, and recognition of the importance of economic, social, legal, and public policy considerations.The need for engineering and engineering technology degree programs to address issues of technological literacy directly in the curriculum is inherent in the EAC of ABET and TAC of ABET program accreditation criteria. While the lists of program outcomes (criterion 3) are different for engineering (EAC) and engineering technology (TAC), both lists include topics that directly relate to developing technological literacy in students. Issues such as design within constraints, social and ethical issues, and globalization are included on both lists and relate to technological literacy. This paper will examine both the TAC of ABET and EAC of ABET lists and will highlight areas related directly to technological literacy. The paper will explore the concept of technological literacy as a framework for addressing these topics throughout the curriculum and in a specific school's or department's lists of program learning outcomes. This framework has the potential to be very useful as faculty members work to relate material in different courses to meeting common curricular goals. Also, recognition by faculty members that they are already teaching elements of technological literacy to their majors may also encourage them to attempt to teach these concepts to non-majors as well, either through revamping existing major courses for majors and non-majors or by creating new courses for non-majors by drawing on elements of existing courses for majors.
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