A Submersible Printed Sensor Based on a Monopole-Coupled Split Ring Resonator for Permittivity Characterization

A new and compact sensor based on the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structure is proposed to characterize the relative permittivity of various dielectric materials, enabling the determination of soil water content (SWC). The proposed sensor consists of a circular microstrip patch antenna supporting a 3D-printed small cylindrical container made out of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) filament. The principle of operation is based on the shifting of two of the antenna resonant frequencies caused by changing the relative permittivity of the material under test (MUT). Simulations are performed enabling the development of an empirical model of analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor is investigated and its effectiveness is analyzed by characterizing typical dielectric materials. The proposed sensor, which can be applied to characterize different types of dielectric materials, is used to determine the percentage of water contained in different soil types. Prototypes are fabricated and measured and the obtained results are compared with results from other research works, to validate the proposed sensor effectiveness. Moreover, the sensor was used to determine the percentage of water concentration in quartz sand and red clay samples.

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSRR-Based Microwave Sensor for Dielectric Materials Characterization Applied to Soil Water Content Determination

Oliveira

Pinto

Neto

et al. 2020

“…where C g and C 0 are computed from Equation (2). The total capacitance is mainly determined by the parallel plate capacitance between the overlapping SRR traces since the DSRR-separation is much smaller than the wavelength ( 0.15 mm ∼ 3.6 × 10 −3 λ g ), where λ g is the guided wavelength in the substrate.…”

Section: Rotation Analysis With Skew Angle θmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave planar sensors have found tremendous applications due to a low cost, non-contact sensing mechanism, and integrability with CMOS/MEMS technology [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The advent of split-ring resonators (SRRs), subwavelength elements inspired by a metamaterial concept, has fostered this trend for its high sensitivity, high quality factor, and compact size [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Ultrahigh Sensitive Microwave Planar Sensor to Monitor Mechanical Motion: Rotation, Displacement, and Stretch

Abdolrazzaghi

Daneshmand

2020

This paper presents a novel planar multifunctional sensor that is used to monitor physical variations in the environment regarding distance, angle, and stretch. A double split-ring resonator is designed at 5.2 GHz as the core operating sensor. Another identical resonator is placed on top of the first one. The stacked configuration is theoretically analyzed using an electric circuit model with a detailed parameter extraction discussion. This design is first employed as a displacement sensor, and a compelling high sensitivity of 500 MHz/mm is observed for a wide dynamic range of 0-5 mm. Then, in another configuration, the stacked design is used as a rotation sensor that results in a high sensitivity of 4.5 MHz/ ° for the full range of 0-180 ° . In addition, the stacked resonator is utilized as a strain detector, and a 0–30% stretch is emulated with a linear sensitivity of 12 MHz/%. Measurements are well in congruence with simulated results, which proves the accurate functionality of the sensor in tracking mechanical deformations, all in a single compact contraption.

“…Accurate measurement of the dielectric constant is particularly important in the development, production, and use of microwave dielectric materials [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Traditional methods for measuring the dielectric constant mainly include the transmission line method, waveguide method, free space method, neural network method, and resonant cavity method [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the resonant perturbation methods, the material under test (MUT) is placed in a resonant cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Loading Multiple Complementary Open Resonant Rings (CSRRs) for Dielectric Constant Measurement

Hao

Wang

2020

In order to solve the low-sensitivity problem of the dielectric constant with the resonant cavity method, a sensor based on a substrate-integrated waveguide structure loaded with a multi-complementary open resonant ring is proposed. With the enhanced resonance characteristics of the sensor, this design realized the measurement of complex dielectric constants in a wide range. The frequency selectivity of the sensor is improved by the high-quality factor of the substrate-integrated waveguide. By loading three complementary resonant rings with different opening directions in the ground plane, a deeper notch and better out-of-band suppression are achieved. The effect of the complex dielectric constant on both resonant frequency and quality factor is discussed by calculating the material under test with a known dielectric constant. Simulation and experimental results show that a resonance frequency offset of 102 MHz for the per unit dielectric constant is achieved. A wide frequency offset is the prerequisite for accurate measurement. The measurement results of four plates match well with the standard values, with a relative error of the real part of the dielectric constant of less than 2% and an error of less than 0.0099 for the imaginary part.