A study on Theileria parva bovis carrier state

Koch, H; Norval, R. A. I.; Ocama, J.G.R.; Munatswa, F.C.

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(92)90049-l

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Theileria annulata is the cause of tropical theileriosis while T. mutans has been implicated as the cause of benign theileriosis. Theileria parva and T. annulata are the most pathogenic of the six species of this protozoan genus that infect cattle (Norval et al, 1992). East Coast fever can be relatively mild, causing low mortality, restricted to calves only, but full -scale epidemics affecting all age groups do occur (Berkvens, 1991).…”

Section: ____________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using light microscopy, it is impossible to differentiate T. parva schizonts and piroplasms from most other Theileria spp. which may occur simultaneously within the sample (Norval et al, 1992).…”

Section: Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ITM method of immunization against ECF involves inoculating a Theileria isolate or isolates which provide protection against the challenge within a particular location without the introduction of new strains, followed by the application of a drug capable of controlling the immunizing infection without the development of clinical disease. However, immunization by means of the ITM method creates a reservoir in both cattle and vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Bishop et al, 1992;Koch et al, 1992). The method is based upon the original observation of Neitz (1953) who infected cattle by the application of T. parva-infected R.…”

Section: Immunization Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle in the Mungwi District, Northern Province, Zambia

Tembo

Collins

Sibeko-Matjila

et al. 2018

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Little is known about the occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle in communal grazing areas of Mungwi District of Northern Province, Zambia. Clinical signs and post mortem lesions are pathognomonic of mixed tick-borne infections especially babesiosis, anaplasmosis and East Coast fever. The main objective of this study was to screen selected communal herds of cattle for tick-borne haemoparasites, and identify the tick vectors associated with the high cattle mortalities due to suspected tick-borne diseases in the local breeds of cattle grazing along the banks of the Chambeshi River in Mungwi District, Northern Province, Zambia. A total of 299 cattle blood samples were collected from July to September 2010 from Kapamba (n = 50), Chifulo (n = 102), Chisanga (n = 38), Kowa (n = 95) and Mungwi central (n = 14) in the Mungwi District. A total of 5288 ticks were also collected from the sampled cattle from April to July 2011. DNA was extracted from the cattle blood and the hypervariable region of the parasite small subunit rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to the reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay. The results of the RLB assay revealed the presence of tick-borne haemoparasites in 259 (86.6%) cattle blood samples occurring either as single (11.0%) or mixed (75.6%) infections. The most prevalent species present were the benign Theileria mutans (54.5%) and T. velifera (51.5%). Anaplasma marginale (25.7%), Babesia bovis (7.7%) and B. bigemina (3.3%) DNA were also detected in the samples. Only one sample (from Kapamba) tested positive for the presence of T. parva. This was an unexpected finding; also because the tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, was identified on animals from Kowa (14.0%), Chisanga (8.5%), Chifulo (6.0%) and Kapamba (1.4%). One sample (from Kapamba) tested positive for the presence of Ehrlichia ruminantium even though Amblyomma variegatum ticks were identified from 52.9% of the sampled animals from all study areas. There was significant positive association between T. mutans and T. velifera (p < 0.001) infections, and between A. marginale and B. bovis (p = 0.005). The presence of R. microplus tick vectors on cattle was significantly associated with B. bovis (odds ratio, OR = 28.4, p < 0.001) and A. marginale (OR = 42.0, p < 0.001) infections, while A. variegatum presence was significantly associated with T. mutans (OR = 213.0, p < 0.001) and T. velifera (OR = 459.0, p < 0.001) infections. Rhipicephalus decoloratus was significantly associated with B. bigemina (OR = 21.6, p = 0.004) and A. marginale (OR = 28.5, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a significant association between location and tick-borne pathogen status for A. marginale (p < 0.001), T. mutans (p = 0.004), T. velifera (p = 0.003) and T. taurotragi (p = 0.005). The results of our study suggest that the cause of cattle mortalities in Mungwi during the winter outbreaks is mainly due to A. marginale, B. bovis and B. bigemina infections. This was confirmed by the clinical manifestation of the disease in the affected cattle a...

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Section: ____________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunization Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle in the Mungwi District, Northern Province, Zambia

Tembo

Collins

Sibeko-Matjila

et al. 2018

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…While Corridor disease was first identified in Zimbabwe, its aetiology was elucidated in South Africa where it was first recognized in the corridor formed by the historic Hluhluwe and Umfolozi game parks (Neitz et al 1955). Bovine carrier states are recognized for East Coast fever and January disease and were shown to occur under laboratory conditions for Corridor disease (Barnett and Brocklesby, 1966 a , b ; Koch et al 1992; Neitz, 1958; Potgieter et al 1988; Young et al 1986). No carrier state could yet be confirmed for bovines under field conditions in South Africa (Potgieter et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MixedTheileriainfections in free-ranging buffalo herds: implications for diagnosingTheileria parvainfections in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

et al. 2011

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S U M M A R YBuffalo-adapted Theileria parva causes Corridor disease in cattle. Strict control measures therefore apply to the movement of buffalo in South Africa and include mandatory testing of buffalo for the presence of T. parva. The official test is a realtime hybridization PCR assay that amplifies the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene of T. parva, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei). The effect that mixed T. parva and T. sp. (buffalo)-like infections have on accurate T. parva diagnosis was investigated in this study. In vitro mixed infection simulations indicated PCR signal suppression at 100 to 1000-fold T. sp. (buffalo) excess at low T. parva parasitaemia. Suppression of PCR signal was found in field buffalo with mixed infections. The T. parva-positive status of these cases was confirmed by selective suppression of T. sp. (buffalo) amplification using a locked nucleic acid clamp and independent assays based on the p67, p104 and Tpr genes. The incidence of mixed infections in the Corridor disease endemic region of South Africa is significant, while the prevalence in buffalo outside the endemic area is currently low. A predicted increase of T. sp. (buffalo)-like infections can affect future diagnoses where mixed infections occur, prompting the need for improvements in current diagnostics.

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“…Serological cross-reaction and genetic similarity between the various subspecies has led to the abolishment of this classification system, with T. parva being currently distinguished by their host origin as either cattle-or buffalo-adapted (Norval et al 1991). East Coast fever and January disease are caused by transmission between carrier and susceptible cattle (Young et al 1986;Koch et al 1992). In contrast, Corridor disease occurs when T. parva is transmitted from carrier Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle (Neitz et al 1955;Neitz, 1957).…”

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The Hybrid II assay: a sensitive and specific real-time hybridization assay for the diagnosis ofTheileria parvainfection in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle

et al. 2011

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S U M M A R YCorridor disease is an acute, fatal disease of cattle caused by buffalo-adapted Theileria parva. This is a nationally controlled disease in South Africa and strict control measures apply for the movement of buffalo, which includes mandatory testing for the presence of T. parva and other controlled diseases. Accurate diagnosis of the T. parva carrier state in buffalo using the official real-time hybridization PCR assay (Sibeko et al. 2008), has been shown to be affected by concurrent infection with T. sp. (buffalo)-like parasites. We describe the Hybrid II assay, a real-time hybridization PCR method, which compares well with the official hybridization assay in terms of specificity and sensitivity. It is, however, not influenced by mixed infections of T. sp. (buffalo)-like parasites and is as such a significant improvement on the current hybridization assay.

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A study on Theileria parva bovis carrier state

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle in the Mungwi District, Northern Province, Zambia

Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle in the Mungwi District, Northern Province, Zambia

MixedTheileriainfections in free-ranging buffalo herds: implications for diagnosingTheileria parvainfections in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

The Hybrid II assay: a sensitive and specific real-time hybridization assay for the diagnosis ofTheileria parvainfection in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle

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