A cross-sectional study of 8204 children was performed to investigate the prevalence of immunization against measles, mumps and rubella and possible determinants of immunization uptake. The study was approached from a Lewinian perspective on preventive behaviour. Seventy-one questions referring to the guardian of the child, his or her partner, the household and the child, as well as to immunization-related experiences and situational topics were asked. Two psychological variables were studied: health locus of control and subjective relevance concerning measles. The immunization rate was 77.7 percent [95 percent confidence interval 76.8-78.6]. Multiple logistic regression yielded the following odds ratios for non- uptake of measles immunization: natural health orientation 8.74 [6.72-11.37]; advice of paediatrician 6.02 [4.67-7.75]; dangerousness of measles 2.00 [1.53-2.60]; marital status 1.87 [1.31-2.51]; assessed reliability of vaccination 1.57 [1.23-2.01]; smoking 1.55 [1.21-1.98]; and number of siblings 1.55 [1.21- 1.98]. Parents or guardians of immunized children were more internal and assessed measles as more relevant than those of non- immunized children.
White horses are subject to age-dependent coat depigmentation. They are dark gray or black at birth and lose their coloring between their second and fourth year. Beginning at about age 10 their coat takes on a characteristic silver-gray coloring. The purpose of this paper was to find out to what extent the endogenic alpha-MSH level changes with the change in pigmentation. alpha-MSH plasma levels were determined by radioimmunologic analysis in 3 age groups of white Camarque horses: age group 1 consisted of dark horses with a mean age of 1.2 years and a mean alpha-MSH level of 106.4 pg/ml +/- 18.2, age group 2 consisted of gray horses with a mean age of 7.5 years and with a mean alpha-MSH level of 73.6 pg/ml +/- 4.8, and age group 3 consisted of silver-gray horses with a mean age of 13.5 years and a mean alpha-MSH level of 65.0 pg/ml +/- 5.3. Highly significant differences (p less than 0.001) were found between the means of age group 1 and age group 2 and between the means of age group 1 and age group 3. Determination of the ACTH plasma levels in this breed of horses showed no statistically significant differences between the various age groups. Determination of alpha-MSH and ACTH levels in a control group (n = 56) of other breeds of horses (10 black, 28 brown, and 18 sorrel) resulted in no significant differences for either hormone with regard to age or coat color. On the basis of these results it may be concluded that the degree of coat pigmentation in white Camarque horses correlates directly with the alpha-MSH plasma level.
Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from ten of 188 biopsies (5.3%) obtained from different parts of the lower digestive tract. Patients (mean age 37.0 years) presented with ulcerative proctitis, Crohn's disease, mild colitis or ulcerative colitis. Seven rectal biopsies, two biopsies from the sigmoid flexure and one caecal biopsy were positive for chlamydial isolation whereas all biopsies taken from the colon ascendens, transversum or descendens and from the terminal ileum were negative. We conclude that isolation of C. trachomatis is most effective from rectal and sigmoidal biopsies and is a rare event from other sites of the lower digestive tract.
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