A Study on Millimeter-Wave Multiuser Directional Beamforming Based on Measurements and Ray Tracing Simulations

Abstract

This study concerns the evaluation of beamforming techniques in multi-user indoor environment at the mm-wave frequency band of 70 GHz using both measurements and ray tracing simulations carried out in a furnished small-office environment. The goal of the work is twofold: (i) to evaluate ray tracing as a reliable directional channel model for beamforming assessment and for real-time assistance in the beam-searching phase, (ii) to evaluate simple beamforming schemes as means to enforce spatial division in a small-indoor environment. Results suggest that the considered ray tracing model can be reliable enough to reproduce the general performance trends of different beamforming schemes and to assist the beam-searching phase, therefore potentially reducing the related time delay and computational overhead.

EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING DUCT COMMUNICATION CHANNEL AT 60 GHZ USING RAY TRACING

“…The attenuation caused by dry air is due to its pressure and atmospheric temperature. For, 57 GHz ≤ f ≤ 63 GHz, this parameter is given by [7] φ…”

“…In the above, f [GHz] is the frequency; r p = p/1013; r t = 288/T ; p [hPa] is the dry atmospheric pressure; and T is the atmospheric temperature in Kelvin. The attenuation coefficient of moisture vapor depends on the density of moisture vapor ρ in g/m 3 and is given by [7]…”

“…The study in [7] evaluated the performance of beamforming techniques in multi-user indoor environment at the mm-wave frequency band using both measurements and RT simulations. Channel impulse response was measured, and subsequently power level for the received signals was calculated for different locations of the receiver in a 21 m × 21 m room.…”

Fifth-Generation (5G) mmWave Spatial Channel Characterization for Urban Environments’ System Analysis

“…Another indoor 3D scenario where simulation is performed using RL techniques is shown in [ 27 ], where they have close agreement with measurements for delay spread parameter. In [ 28 , 29 ], the wireless directional propagation channel in an indoor 70 GHz scenario is investigated, with the assistance of RT simulations and measurements. Results such as the angular and temporal dispersion parameters are some of the analyzed results presented, showing good precision.…”

Synthesis of Optimal 5G Array Layouts With Wide-Angle Scanning and Zooming Ability for Efficient Link Setup and High-QoS Communication

“…In such systems, it is necessary to (dynamically) determine the best (in terms of the signal-to-interference ratio) transmit and receive beam pairs between the base station and each user for a reliable multi-user communication [3]. If narrow and highly directive beams are used both at the transmit and receive sides, the system suffers from the large beam setup time and possible dramatic gain reduction due to slight beam misalignment [4].…”