Abstract:The growth in penetration of photovoltaic generation units (PVs) has brought new power management ideas, which achieve more profitable operation, to Power Producer-Suppliers (PPSs). The expected profit for the PPSs will improve if they appropriately operate their controllable generators and sell the generated electricity to contracted customers and Power Exchanges together with the output of Megawatt-Solar Power Plants (MSPPs). Moreover, we can expect that the profitable cooperation between the PPSs and the MS… Show more
“…In conventional approaches [29,30], the calculation of Equation ( 7) is often replaced with an iterative calculation using discrete probability distributions of the past VREG outputs. The results of this calculation strongly depends on the number and the variety of samples in the past record.…”
Operation scheduling in electric power grids is one of the most practical optimization problems as it sets a target for the efficient management of the electric power supply and demand. Advancement of a method to solve this issue is crucially required, especially in microgrids. This is because the operational capability of microgrids is generally lower than that of conventional bulk power grids, and therefore, it is extremely important to develop an appropriate, coordinated operation schedule of the microgrid components. Although various techniques have been developed to solve the problem, there is no established solution. The authors propose a problem framework and a solution method that finds the optimal operation schedule of the microgrid components considering the uncertainty in the available data. In the authors’ proposal, the objective function of the target problem is formulated as the expected cost of the microgrid’s operations. Since the risk of imbalance in the power supply and demand is evaluated as a part of the objective function, the necessary operational reserve power is automatically calculated. The usefulness of the proposed problem framework and its solution method was verified through numerical simulations and the results are discussed.
“…In conventional approaches [29,30], the calculation of Equation ( 7) is often replaced with an iterative calculation using discrete probability distributions of the past VREG outputs. The results of this calculation strongly depends on the number and the variety of samples in the past record.…”
Operation scheduling in electric power grids is one of the most practical optimization problems as it sets a target for the efficient management of the electric power supply and demand. Advancement of a method to solve this issue is crucially required, especially in microgrids. This is because the operational capability of microgrids is generally lower than that of conventional bulk power grids, and therefore, it is extremely important to develop an appropriate, coordinated operation schedule of the microgrid components. Although various techniques have been developed to solve the problem, there is no established solution. The authors propose a problem framework and a solution method that finds the optimal operation schedule of the microgrid components considering the uncertainty in the available data. In the authors’ proposal, the objective function of the target problem is formulated as the expected cost of the microgrid’s operations. Since the risk of imbalance in the power supply and demand is evaluated as a part of the objective function, the necessary operational reserve power is automatically calculated. The usefulness of the proposed problem framework and its solution method was verified through numerical simulations and the results are discussed.
“…When we focus on the CGs operation, u; g ð Þ, the UC-ELD problem can be classified into two types by the characteristics of microgrid components and the setting of time interval. Now, if the parameter, Δt, and the variables ΔG UP i and ΔG DOWN i , satisfy the following conditions, the constraints (9) and (10) become inactive [8].…”
Section: Application Of Enumeration-based Solution Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Firstly, all feasible on/off states combinations of CG are enumerated on each interval under the constraint in Eq. (8). Then, the optimal outputs of CGs are calculated for each feasible UC candidate by the equal incremental cost loading method.…”
Section: Application Of Enumeration-based Solution Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The operation planning problem is to determine on/off states of the CGs and their outputs, and the battery output (charging/discharging) simultaneously for minimizing the total operation cost under several constraints [8]. The reason of simultaneous optimization is that the optimization variables have mutual influences and thus any of these variables cannot be removed from the problem formulation.…”
This paper presents a problem framework and its solution method to determine the cooperative operation plan of controllable generators (CGs) and batteries in microgrids. In the problem formulation, the authors emphasize the operational penalty of microgrids' operation, and then provide additional alternatives for microgrid operators. Specifically, the supply-demand balancing constraint is relaxed and integrated into the objective function as a penalty term. Here, the penalty means the amount of electricity trading with the main power grid. The objective function is designed as to minimize the total operation costs which consist of the sum of the operation costs of microgrid and the extra cost for compensating the imbalance. Moreover, the optimal operation plan is determined by an enumeration-based binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (enumeration-based BPSO). In the results of simulations, it is confirmed that the batteries perform the load shifting and reduce reserve shortfalls together with incurred fuel costs for minimizing the total operation costs.
“…one large-scale component, respectively, to simplify discussions. These were made by referring to [26,27,33,36]. Time interval, ∆ , was set to 1 h, and daily operation schedules ( = 1,2, … ,24) were determined.…”
Operation scheduling is one of the most practical optimization problems to efficiently manage the electric power supply and demand in microgrids. Although various microgrid-related techniques have been developed, there has been no established solution to the problem until now. This is because the formulated problem becomes a complicated mixed-integer programming problem having multiple optimization variables. The authors present a framework for this problem and its effective solution to obtain an operation schedule of the microgrid components considering their coordination. In the framework, trading electricity with traditional main power grids is included in the optimization target, and uncertainty originating from variable renewable energy sources is considered. In the solution, the formulated problem is reformulated to reduce the dimensions of its solution space, and, as a result, a combined algorithm of binary particle swarm optimization and quadratic programming is applicable. Through numerical simulations and discussions of their results, the validity of the authors’ proposal is verified.
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