This paper presents a problem framework and its solution method to determine the cooperative operation plan of controllable generators (CGs) and batteries in microgrids. In the problem formulation, the authors emphasize the operational penalty of microgrids' operation, and then provide additional alternatives for microgrid operators. Specifically, the supply-demand balancing constraint is relaxed and integrated into the objective function as a penalty term. Here, the penalty means the amount of electricity trading with the main power grid. The objective function is designed as to minimize the total operation costs which consist of the sum of the operation costs of microgrid and the extra cost for compensating the imbalance. Moreover, the optimal operation plan is determined by an enumeration-based binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (enumeration-based BPSO). In the results of simulations, it is confirmed that the batteries perform the load shifting and reduce reserve shortfalls together with incurred fuel costs for minimizing the total operation costs.
Electric power companies are storing massive records such as results of inspection and maintenance through their daily operations. Although the massive records have been expecting to utilize for efficiency improvement of the power grid operations and planning, applications of the massive records have been limited in a small portion until now. The authors analyse 3.0 million sets of inspection scores and 0.9 million cases of their measures (need follow-up observation, or need repair or replacement) that have been actually stored in an electric power company. Moreover, based on the analysis results, a decision support model is constructed for judging maintenance necessity (need repair or replacement) in response to the inspection scores. A decision tree analysis, which represents its decisions and decision-making process visually and explicitly, is applied in the process. Usefulness of the authors' proposal is verified through numerical simulations and discussions on their results.
This paper presents an estimation method of operating lifetime for electric power components, such as electric poles and pole transformers, utilizing massive records on their inspection and maintenance. The proposed method analyzes initial information, which is easily available, and real historical records of the inspection and measures for the inspection (maintenance) storing the database in an electric power company (e.g. 1.4 million and 53.4 thousand cases in the concrete electric poles). Subsequently, lifetime estimation models on each component are constructed using relationship between the initial conditions and the taking measures in the maintenance record. This method is aiming to apply on expansion planning phase of the power grid, and therefore the initial conditions are only used as its input in estimation process. Through numerical simulations, it was confirmed that accuracy of the lifetime estimation exceeds 70% (approximately 7 years). In addition, factors, which have an influence on the operating lifetime of the target component in process of lifetime estimation were clarified.
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