A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse

Winward, Gideon P.; Avery, Lisa M.; Frazer-Williams, Ronnie; Pidou, Marc; Jeffrey, Paul; Stephenson, Tom; Jefferson, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.11.001

Cited by 190 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…GWTUs process GW with varying levels of effectiveness, but many can significantly decrease the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) ([70 % and in some systems [90 %), Fig. 1 Palestinian Hydrology Group's GWTU scheme composed of an initial settling tank (a), two anaerobic gravel-based filter tanks (b), a charcoal filter (c), and a reservoir to store water until used for irrigation (d) chemical oxygen demand (COD) ([70 %) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in water ([90 %) (Friedler et al 2006;Morel and Diener 2006;Gilboa and Friedler 2008;Halalsheh et al 2008;Winward et al 2008;Li et al 2009;Ghaitidak and Yadav 2013). If designed with the right controls and maintained properly, GWTUs can be deemed safe for environmental and human health (Alfiya et al 2013).…”

Section: Reuse Guidelines and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Leas

Dare

Al-Delaimy

2013

AMBIO

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Support for the use of treated gray water as an alternative water resource in the Middle East and North Africa is high, especially given the lack of religious restrictions against its use, but several obstacles have kept application of treated gray water near 1 % in some areas. The largest of obstacles include the cost of treatment and the ambiguity surrounding the health safety of gray water and treated gray water. This paper aims to provide an overview of current gray water practices globally, with specific focus on household-level gray water practices in the Middle East and North Africa region, and highlight the need for cost reduction strategies and epidemiological evidence on the use of household-level gray water and treated gray water. Such actions are likely to increase the application of treated gray water in water-deprived areas of the Middle East and North Africa.

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Section: Reuse Guidelines and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Leas

Dare

Al-Delaimy

2013

AMBIO

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“…Temperature has been shown to play an important role in the reduction of enteric bacteria and viruses in constructed subsurface wetlands (Quinonez-Diaz et al, 2001;Winward et al, 2008). In Germany, Ulrich et al (2005) found that higher wastewater temperatures in the summer improved pathogen removal performance by approximately 1 log 10 unit.…”

Section: Physical-chemical Factors Of Temperature Ph and Dissolved mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed Wetlands

Maïga¹,

Sperling²,

Mihelcic³

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…En tanto que Herrera-Melián et al (2010) con humedales construidos híbridos de ujo vertical y ujo subsupercial horizontal tuvieron remociones mayores del 78 % de contaminantes y del 99.5 % de coliformes fecales. También se ha reportado que el humedal construido de ujo vertical es conable en la operación y proporciona una mejor remoción de bacterias que el humedal de ujo horizontal (Windward et al 2008). Por lo que los humedales naturales y construidos pueden remplazar el tratamiento terciario (Carey y Migliaccio 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Remoción de bacterias coliformes en un sistema de lodos activados y humedal construido

Muñoz-Nava

Baumann

2017

Ecosist. Recur. Agropec.

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El agua residual municipal contiene grandes cantidades de bacterias coliformes, que pueden ser un riesgo para la salud pública y la contaminación ambiental. El objetivo fue evaluar la remoción de coliformes cotales (CT), Escherichia coli (EC) y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) del agua residual de un sistema a escala piloto con dos tratamientos: un reactor secuencial por lotes (RSL) de lodos activados y un humedal construido de ujo vertical (HCFV). Las concentraciones promedio de CT, EC y DQO en el e uente fueron 8.03X106, 4.13X106 NMP (100 mL)-1 y 528 mg L-1, respectivamente. Los Porcentajes de remoción (PR) promedio fueron de 99.84 % (4.52 unidades log), 99.92 % (4.92 unidades log) y 92.78 % para CT, EC y DQO, respectivamente. La remoción, obtenida con un tiempo de residencia aproximado de 11 h, cumple con la norma mexicana para reúso con contacto directo. El análisis de correlación mostró que la DQO es independiente de CT y EC. Las mediciones del e uente y concentraciones de CT y EC en la salida del HCFV muestran que entre las variables hay asociación. Las concentraciones de CT y EC del HCFV con respecto al tiempo estuvieron sesgadas a la izquierda, lo que concuerda con el comportamiento observado para medios porosos. Las comunidades pueden utilizar este sistema para reusar el agua residual tratada en el riego agrícola.

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A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse

Cited by 190 publications

References 43 publications

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Constructed Wetlands

Remoción de bacterias coliformes en un sistema de lodos activados y humedal construido

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