Constructed Wetlands

Maïga, Ynoussa; Sperling, Marcos von; Mihelcic, James R.

doi:10.14321/waterpathogens.66

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Constructed wetlands are low-level technology that can be used for wastewater, surface water, and groundwater treatment. Constructed wetlands can be categorized according to the flow direction and flow regime into subsurface horizontal flow, subsurface vertical flow, and free surface constructed wetlands (Maiga et al, 2017;Hoffmann et al, 2011). However, as constructed wetlands require a considerable amount of space, they are not appropriate for urban areas (Foward et al, 2017).…”

Section: Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated in Boano et al (2020), the main processes to remove pollutants are adsorption and mechanical filtration, which are closely related to the bed material. Mechanical filtration's capacity for removing pathogens mainly depends on the filter bed, which consists of sand and plant roots (Maiga et al, 2017;Hoffmann et al, 2011). Similarly, Torrens et al (2009) concluded, that if the particle size distribution is suitable, there is no significant difference between the efficiency of different types of sand.…”

Section: Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quartz Sand Use in Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering

Kuzmanić

Mikoš

2020

Acta Hydrotechnica

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An overview of the production and usage of quartz sand as a special sort of sand for civil engineering is presented – from the formation of sand deposits, through mining and processing methods, to its final use, with an emphasis on its use in civil engineering, i.e. in water filtration. Quartz is found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. During sand formation in the fluvial environment, quartz grains are highly resistant to weathering and mechanical wear, and can be transported a long way without changes to size and form. Therefore, quartz is the main constituent of most natural sands. Quartz and quartz sand are ubiquitous raw materials used in a wide range of products in civil engineering due to their chemical inertia and high temperature resistance. An example of a quartz sand deposit and processing plant in Slovenia is presented as a practical case study on quartz sand application. The described applications using quartz sand are the best available technologies in sanitary and hydraulic engineering to be used for a move towards a circular economy, smart houses, and smart cities.

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Section: Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz Sand Use in Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering

Kuzmanić

Mikoš

2020

Acta Hydrotechnica

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“…The authors of paper [8] defined wetlands as a sanitary technology that utilizes natural removal mechanisms provided by vegetation, soil, and associated microbial populations. The authors provided a sufficiently large list of criteria, but they did not describe how to apply them in justification of a managerial decision on the choice of appropriate technology.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing the phytoremediation technologies for cleaning various types of wastewater

Dmitrieva

Khorenzhaja²,

Vasylenko

et al. 2020

EEJET

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“…Hydraulic short-circuiting as a result of clogging at the inlet or outlet of a CW system may reduce wastewater residence time, therefore lowering helminth egg removal efficiency. Other factors affecting helminth egg removal in CW systems include the design or type of CW (subsurface systems have higher efficiency than surface systems) and vegetation coverage [66]. Due to their cost-effectiveness, natural wastewater treatment systems are preferred wastewater treatment systems in many low-and middle incomecountries.…”

Section: Soil-transmitted Helminth Removal In Natural Treatment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems for Prevention and Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Zacharia¹,

Outwater²,

Deun³

2020

Water Quality - Science, Assessments and Policy

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Wastewater reuse has been considered as an alternative way of overcoming water scarcity in many parts of the world. However, exposures to wastewater are associated with higher prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Globally, about two billion people are infected with at least one species of STHs with those having heavy infections presenting considerable morbidities. The most serious STH species infecting humans include roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Despite ongoing control campaigns using preventive chemotherapy, wastewater in endemic countries still contains concentrations of STH eggs that put exposed populations at risk of infection. According to the World Health Organization, we can achieve sustainable control of STH by using improved sanitation systems. Since natural wastewater treatment systems (waste stabilization ponds and constructed wetlands) require low maintenance and operational costs, have low mechanical technology and energy consumption, they are ideal for sustainable sanitation services. In addition, natural wastewater treatment systems are reported to efficiently remove various pathogenic organisms from wastewater. This chapter explains the role of natural wastewater treatment systems as sustainable sanitation facilities in removing STH from wastewater and therefore preventing disease transmission.

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Constructed Wetlands

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Quartz Sand Use in Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering

Quartz Sand Use in Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering

Choosing the phytoremediation technologies for cleaning various types of wastewater

Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems for Prevention and Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

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