A study of nutrient foramina in dry adult humeri of South Indian subjects

Abstract

Background : Vascular insults to the humerus either during fracture dislocation or during surgical correction of fracture may result in delayed healing or non-union of fracture. It is worth to find the number and size of nutrient foramina. The know ledge regarding the nutrien foramina helps to protect them during conservative operative procedures of the bone, thus to concentrate upon the viability of the fractured fragments. Objectives: To observe the location of nutrient foramina with reference to the different segments of shaft of humerus,to note variations in number, direction and size of the nutrient foramina. Further to examine if a correlation exists between the length of humerus and number of vascular foramina and nutrient foramina. Materials and methods : The study was undertaken on 200 dry normal dult humerus bones. Observations were made using Hepburn's osteometric board and hypodermic needles of different gauges. Statistical methods (SPSS) were used to analyze these observations. Results: The location of nutrient foramen was more in the middle 113rd of antero-medial surface. Majority of humeri showed one nutrient foramen, whereas there were 2 to 3 foramina in few humeri. Conclusion: This study will help in planning the surgical treatment of fracture of humerus which will possibly reduce the post-operative complications.

A Study of Humerus Bone of Nepalese Origin

“…A low percentage of incidence of single foramina (60%) was reported by Shaheen [14] in Saudi Arabia, Mysorekar, et al [7] (58%) in Indian population and Joshi, et al [8] (63%) among Gujarati population. The present study showed that the prevalence of double nutrient foramina were found in 15% of humeri which was similar to the findings observed by Halagatti, et al (17.5%) studies [15]. Carroll in London reported 28.16% of humeri have double nutrient foramina [10].…”

A Study of Variation of Nutrient Foramen of Dry Adult Humerus

“…All of the nutrient foramen in the present study were directed towards the lower end which is supported by many studies, which were constant and supports the law of ossification 8, 24,25,27,28,34 .Kumar et al reported that the direction of nutrient foramen was towards the lower end but in one humerus the direction was towards the upper end .…”

“…12,24,39,40 The present study showed double nutrient foramina in 16% humeri. Similar studies done by Solanke et al (4%), Bhatnagar et al (7.14%) showed the frequency of double foramina in less humeri than the present study .…”

“…Maximum number of foramina i.e. 81% (17) in right and 82.8% (24) in left were present in zone II. study.…”

A Study on the Anatomical Variations in Diaphyseal Nutrient Foramina of Humerus and its Clinical Implications

“…Nearly similar results were reported by Kizilikant et al [2] reported 6.93% in Turkey, Shaheen [21] in 6.7% among Saudi Arabia samples, Mansur et al [22] in 6.32% of Nepal samples. Whereas, the findings of Bhatnagar et al [28] were in 1.42%, and Halagatti and Rangasubhe [32] in 2%, Yaseen et al [18] in 2% comparatively lesser than the finding observed in the present study (3.28%).…”