A study of mild cognitive impairment in veterans: role of hypertension and other confounding factors

Bai, Jie; Peng, Wei; Zhao, Ning; Xiao, Ying; Yang, Chunhui; Zhong, Jun; Cai, Yong Shun; Li, Yongchao; Zhu, Qin; Chen, Xian; Sun, Li; Wang, Bing; Teng, Keqin; Ling, Shifeng; Ni, Hailai; Xie, Minghui; Tan, Jiping; Wang, Luning; Sun, Xiangfei; Zhang, Wenjun

doi:10.1080/13825585.2016.1161000

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, onset of type 2 DM, hypertension and CHD at baseline were more common in the aMCI and naMCI groups compared with the control group. These findings were consistent with previous studies [ 16 – 18 ]. Two vascular-related diseases (hypertension and CHD) were more dominant in the naMCI group than in the aMCI group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Association of body mass index with amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment risk in elderly

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrevious studies focused on the relationship between body mass index and cognitive disorder and obtained many conflicting results. This study explored the potential effects of body mass index on the risk of mild cognitive impairment (amnestic and non-amnestic) in the elderly.MethodsThe study enrolled 240 amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, 240 non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and 480 normal cognitive function controls. Data on admission and retrospective data at baseline (6 years ago) were collected from their medical records. Cognitive function was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsBeing underweight, overweight or obese at baseline was associated with an increased risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.50 ~ 3.52; OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.36 ~ 2.20; OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.32 ~ 2.22, respectively). Being overweight or obese at baseline was also associated with an increased risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.20 ~ 1.92; OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.21 ~ 1.97, respectively). In subjects with normal weights at baseline, an increased or decreased body mass index at follow-up was associated with an elevated risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.10 ~ 3.05; OR: 3.96, 95%CI: 2.88 ~ 5.49, respectively), but only an increased body mass index was associated with an elevated risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.16 ~ 2.59).ConclusionsUnhealthy body mass index levels at baseline and follow-up might impact the risk of both types of mild cognitive impairment (amnestic and non-amnestic).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Association of body mass index with amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment risk in elderly

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, age and education level were risk factors for cognitive impairment, and our previous findings were consistent with Bai et al (12) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation between Cognitive Dysfunction and Serum Magnesium, Calcium and Phosphorus Level in the Elderly Egyptian Patients in Zagazig University Hospitals

Mohamed¹,

M²,

Hussien³

et al. 2022

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Many elderly neurological disorders are associated with phosphate, magnesium, and calcium deficiency. Objective: To assess the correlation between cognitive dysfunction and serum magnesium, calcium and phosphorus level in the elderly Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: From July 2021 to October 2021, at Zagazig University Hospitals inpatient and outpatient clinics of Internal Medicine Department, our case control trial was conducted on 94 elderly patients with and without impaired cognitive function, they were divided into two equal groups (47 each group). All patients underwent a laboratory investigation to assess serum levels of magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus. Assessment of cognitive function was done through answering a series of questions and/or performing simple tasks. Results: There was highly statistically significant correlation between the two studied groups (normal and abnormal cognitive functions) and serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels (P <0.001 for the 3 correlations), there was statistically significant correlation between Mg 2+ and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, Mini mental state examination and Recall Mini-COG test in abnormal group, there was statistically significant correlation between P 3+ and age in abnormal cognitive functions group, MoCA test, Mini mental state examination and Recall Mini-COG test in abnormal group. Conclusion: Calcium and magnesium are associated with cognitive improvement in elderly, but in contrast, higher level of phosphorus facilitates cognitive decline. We concluded that age, magnesium and phosphorus were independent variable for cognitive impairment.

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“…The loss of estrogen in menopause may contribute the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in women (Sherina et al, 2004 ). However, several studies have shown that cognition was not related to sex (Lobo et al, 2005 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Bai et al, 2016 ). In the present study, cognition was worse in women than in men in the univariate analysis, but the sex difference disappeared in the multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age and education level were risk factors for cognitive impairment (Friedland, 1993 ; Elias et al, 1997 ; Ganguli et al, 2000 ; Lobo et al, 2005 ; Ngandu et al, 2007 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Shi et al, 2013 ; Bai et al, 2016 ). Consistent with previous studies, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in this elderly population increased remarkably among those aged 70 years and older compared to that in individuals aged 60–70 years; a similar trend was found in those with education levels of <6 years compared to that in individuals with education levels of 9 years or more, with a 3.8-fold increase in the illiterate group and a 1.7-fold increase in those with 1–5 years of education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Without Cardio- and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Population-Based Study in Rural China

Ren

Bai

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the distribution of its risk factors among residents aged ≥60 years without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in rural areas of northern China screened with the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Between 2012 and 2013, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information from participants. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. In the univariate analysis, risk factors for cognitive disorders were female sex, low education and central obesity, while drinking was found to be a protective factor. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors were old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.888; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.256–2.838; P = 0.002 for the 70-year-old group compared with the 60-year-old group; OR, 3.593; 95% CI, 2.468–5.230; P < 0.001 for the ≥75-year-old group compared with the 60-year-old group), low education (OR, 3.779; 95% CI: 2.218–6.440; P < 0.001 for the illiterate group compared with the group with ≥9 years of education; OR, 1.667; 95% CI, 1.001–2.775; P = 0.05 for the group with less than primary school compared with the group with ≥9 years of education), and higher blood pressure (BP; OR, 1.655; 95% CI: 1.076–2.544; P = 0.002 for individuals with stage III hypertension compared with those with normal BP). These findings suggest that it is crucial to manage and control level of BP, and improve educational attainment in order to reduce the prevalence and burden of cognitive impairment among low-income residents in rural China.

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A study of mild cognitive impairment in veterans: role of hypertension and other confounding factors

Abstract: Because some vascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, can be treated effectively, cognitive decline related to these risk factors, and vascular disease per se, may be prevented or its course modified through more aggressive treatment and improved compliance.

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Association of body mass index with amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment risk in elderly

Association of body mass index with amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment risk in elderly

Correlation between Cognitive Dysfunction and Serum Magnesium, Calcium and Phosphorus Level in the Elderly Egyptian Patients in Zagazig University Hospitals

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Without Cardio- and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Population-Based Study in Rural China

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