Association of body mass index with amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment risk in elderly

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies focused on the relationship between body mass index and cognitive disorder and obtained many conflicting results. This study explored the potential effects of body mass index on the risk of mild cognitive impairment (amnestic and non-amnestic) in the elderly.MethodsThe study enrolled 240 amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, 240 non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and 480 normal cognitive function controls. Data on admission and retrospective data at baseline (6 years ago) were collected from their medical records. Cognitive function was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsBeing underweight, overweight or obese at baseline was associated with an increased risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 2.30, 95%CI: 1.50 ~ 3.52; OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.36 ~ 2.20; OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.32 ~ 2.22, respectively). Being overweight or obese at baseline was also associated with an increased risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.20 ~ 1.92; OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.21 ~ 1.97, respectively). In subjects with normal weights at baseline, an increased or decreased body mass index at follow-up was associated with an elevated risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.10 ~ 3.05; OR: 3.96, 95%CI: 2.88 ~ 5.49, respectively), but only an increased body mass index was associated with an elevated risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.16 ~ 2.59).ConclusionsUnhealthy body mass index levels at baseline and follow-up might impact the risk of both types of mild cognitive impairment (amnestic and non-amnestic).

Mild cognitive impairment: A concept analysis

“…Due to the heterogeneous etiology of MCI, predicting factors are not clear. Nevertheless, current literature reports that genetic factors, like apoE‐ε4 allele genotype, and a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, depression, heart disease, stroke, overweight, or obesity, are associated with a higher risk of developing MCI …”

Body mass index and mild cognitive impairment among rural older adults in China: the moderating roles of gender and age

“…Previous studies found that unhealthy BMI was associated with cognitive function among older adults [ 7 ]. A cross-sectional study from Malaysia concluded positive association between BMI and cognitive function, measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in older adults aged 60 years and above [ 8 ]. Another cohort study of older blacks and whites (aged 53–100) conducted in the United States indicated that late-life BMI was related to change in cognitive function, with lower BMI being related to faster rates of decline in summary measures of global cognition [ 9 ].…”

Non-communicable Diseases and Cognitive Impairment: Pathways and Shared Behavioral Risk Factors Among Older Chinese

“…An urban population-based study (aged 55+ in Shanghai) further confirmed that T2DM was not only a risk factor for MCI but also associated with the progression to Alzheimer's disease after adjusting for other possible covariates (15). However, another study (aged 60+ in Tianjin) revealed that even in the absence of type 2 diabetes, being overweight and/or obese are risk factors for MCI (16). Similarly a community-based study (aged 55+ in rural Xian) found that the presence of both type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment by more than double (17).…”