A study of antioxidant activity in patients with schizophrenia taking atypical antipsychotics

Abstract

IntroductionAtypical antipsychotics have significantly improved the quality of life for schizophrenic patients. Despite their beneficial effects, these antipsychotics induce weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activity of paraoxonase and assess lipid profile as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with schizophrenia under long-term clozapine or risperidone treatment.MethodsThe study included 66 patients with schizophrenia under clozapine or risperidone treatment and 19 healthy control subjects. Serum paraoxonase activities against paraoxon (PON(PO)), phenylacetate (PON(PA)), dihydrocoumarin (PON(DHC)), serum Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), antioxidant gap (GAP), and lipid profile were determined.ResultsPON(DHC) activity was reduced in both antipsychotic drug-treated groups (clozapine 43.46 ± 1.06 U/ml, p < 0.001; risperidone 50.57 ± 1.54 U/ml, p < 0.01; control 52.27 ± 1.34 U/ml). A similar pattern was observed for the PON(DHC)/HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) ratio. On the contrary, PON(PO) and PON(PA) were increased in the treated group, but the corresponding paraoxonase/HDLC ratios were not significantly different from controls, except for PON/HDLC in the clozapine group. TEAC and GAP were only decreased in the clozapine-treated group.ConclusionsIn patients with schizophrenia, clozapine or risperidone treatment had different effects on various paraoxonase activities. The results of the present study suggest that patients with schizophrenia might be at increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease related to reduced PON(DHC), TEAC, and GAP.

Oxidative stress in drug naïve first episode psychosis and antioxidant effects of risperidone

“…Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme synthesized by the liver and bound to highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), protecting HDL particles against OS damage (Precourt et al, 2011). In schizophrenia, there are only few data on PON1, reporting both normal and reduced activity (Gilca et al, 2014;Mabrouk et al, 2014;Unsal et al, 2013). No studies, however, examined PON1 activity in drug naïve individuals separately.…”

Association between Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and Suicidal Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…Rozenberg et al reported that PON1 induces a decrease in the accumulation of cholesterol at the level of macrophages by the inhibition of its biosynthesis [27]. Rosenblat et al showed that HDL-induced cholesterol efflux from transgenic mice over-expressing PON1 was greater than that provided by HDL from wild-type mice or invalidated mice for the gene of the PON1 [28].…”

Cardiovascular side effects of psychopharmacologic therapy

“…Atypical antipsychotics induce weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia [57]. The pts with schizophrenia might be at increased risk for metabolic and CVD [57].…”

“…The pts with schizophrenia might be at increased risk for metabolic and CVD [57]. By available data, clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication which remains the gold standard in treatment of resistant psychosis [58].…”