A structure in the early Universe at z ∼ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology

Clowes, R. G.; Harris, Kathryn A.; Raghunathan, S.; Campusano, Luis E.; Söchting, Ilona K.; Graham, M. J.

doi:10.1093/mnras/sts497

Cited by 127 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In 2005 an object twice this size was reported and was named the Sloan Great Wall (Gott et al 2005). Recently, Clowes et al (2013) have found a large quasar group with a length of 1000 Mpc. In this study we have found a potential structure, mapped by GRBs, of about 2000-3000 Mpc size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two

Horváth

Hakkila

Bagoly

2014

A&A

120

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Context. Research over the past three decades has revolutionized cosmology while supporting the standard cosmological model. However, the cosmological principle of Universal homogeneity and isotropy has always been in question, since structures as large as the survey size have always been found each time the survey size has increased. Until 2013, the largest known structure in our Universe was the Sloan Great Wall, which is more than 400 Mpc long located approximately one billion light years away. Aims. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic explosions in the Universe. As they are associated with the stellar endpoints of massive stars and are found in and near distant galaxies, they are viable indicators of the dense part of the Universe containing normal matter. The spatial distribution of GRBs can thus help expose the large scale structure of the Universe. Methods. As of July 2012, 283 GRB redshifts have been measured. Subdividing this sample into nine radial parts, each containing 31 GRBs, indicates that the GRB sample having 1.6 < z < 2.1 differs significantly from the others in that 14 of the 31 GRBs are concentrated in roughly 1/8 of the sky. A two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, a nearest-neighbour test, and a Bootstrap Point-Radius Method explore the significance of this clustering. Results. All tests used indicate that there is a statistically significant clustering of the GRB sample at 1.6 < z < 2.1. Furthermore, this angular excess cannot be entirely attributed to known selection biases, making its existence due to chance unlikely. Conclusions. This huge structure lies ten times farther away than the Sloan Great Wall, at a distance of approximately ten billion light years. The size of the structure defined by these GRBs is about 2000-3000 Mpc, or more than six times the size of the largest known object in the Universe, the Sloan Great Wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two

Horváth

Hakkila

Bagoly

2014

A&A

120

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“…This huge structure lies ten times farther away than the Sloan Great Wall (Gott et al, 2005). The size of the structure defined by these GRBs is about 2000-3000 Mpc, or more than six times the size of the Sloan Great Wall or more than twice the size of the Huge Large Quasar Group (Clowes et al, 2013). We investigated the structure of galactic foreground ISM of 24 GRBs all belong to the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall.…”

Section: Structure Of the Galactic Foreground Of Grbs In The Herculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreground of Gamma-Ray Bursts (Grbs) From Akari Fis Data

Tóth¹,

Doi²,

Zahorecz³

et al. 2017

Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society

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A significant number of the parameters of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and its host galaxy are calculated from the afterglow. There are various methods obtaining extinction values for the necessary correction for galactic foreground. These are: galaxy counts, from HI 21 cm surveys, from spectroscopic measurements and colors of nearby Galactic stars, or using extinction maps calculated from infrared surveys towards the GRB. We demonstrate that AKARI Far-Infrared Surveyor sky surface brightness maps are useful uncovering the fine structure of the galactic foreground of GRBs. Galactic cirrus structures of a number of GRBs are calculated with a 2 arcminute resolution, and the results are compared to that of other methods.

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“…The characteristic sizes of these two LQGs, ≈ 350 − 400 Mpc, and appear to be only marginally consistent with the scale of homogeneity in the concordance cosmology. Recently, Clowes et al (2013) uncovered the Huge-LQG with a long dimension of ≈ 1240 Mpc (1240 × 640 × 370 Mpc). Until recently, this was the largest known structure in the Universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, this was the largest known structure in the Universe. Using a friend of friend (FoF) algorithm Einasto et al (2014) found that the linking length l = 70 h −1 M pc three systems from their QSR catalogue coincide with the LQGs from Clowes et al (2012Clowes et al ( , 2013. Horváth, Hakkila & Bagoly (2013); Horváth, Hakkila & Bagoly (2014) announced the discovery of a larger Universal structure than the Huge-LQG by analyzing the spatial distribution of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs

Balázs

Bagoly

Hakkila

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

127

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According to the cosmological principle, Universal large-scale structure is homogeneous and isotropic. The observable Universe, however, shows complex structures even on very large scales. The recent discoveries of structures significantly exceeding the transition scale of 370 Mpc pose a challenge to the cosmological principle.We report here the discovery of the largest regular formation in the observable Universe; a ring with a diameter of 1720 Mpc, displayed by 9 gamma ray bursts (GRBs), exceeding by a factor of five the transition scale to the homogeneous and isotropic distribution. The ring has a major diameter of 43 o and a minor diameter of 30 o at a distance of 2770 Mpc in the 0.78 < z < 0.86 redshift range, with a probability of 2 × 10 −6 of being the result of a random fluctuation in the GRB count rate.Evidence suggests that this feature is the projection of a shell onto the plane of the sky. Voids and string-like formations are common outcomes of large-scale structure. However, these structures have maximum sizes of 150 Mpc, which are an order of magnitude smaller than the observed GRB ring diameter. Evidence in support of the shell interpretation requires that temporal information of the transient GRBs be included in the analysis.This ring-shaped feature is large enough to contradict the cosmological principle. The physical mechanism responsible for causing it is unknown.

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A structure in the early Universe at z ∼ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology

Cited by 127 publications

References 49 publications

Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two

Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two

Foreground of Gamma-Ray Bursts (Grbs) From Akari Fis Data

A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs

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