A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs

Abstract

According to the cosmological principle, Universal large-scale structure is homogeneous and isotropic. The observable Universe, however, shows complex structures even on very large scales. The recent discoveries of structures significantly exceeding the transition scale of 370 Mpc pose a challenge to the cosmological principle.We report here the discovery of the largest regular formation in the observable Universe; a ring with a diameter of 1720 Mpc, displayed by 9 gamma ray bursts (GRBs), exceeding by a factor of five the transition scale to the homogeneous and isotropic distribution. The ring has a major diameter of 43 o and a minor diameter of 30 o at a distance of 2770 Mpc in the 0.78 < z < 0.86 redshift range, with a probability of 2 × 10 −6 of being the result of a random fluctuation in the GRB count rate.Evidence suggests that this feature is the projection of a shell onto the plane of the sky. Voids and string-like formations are common outcomes of large-scale structure. However, these structures have maximum sizes of 150 Mpc, which are an order of magnitude smaller than the observed GRB ring diameter. Evidence in support of the shell interpretation requires that temporal information of the transient GRBs be included in the analysis.This ring-shaped feature is large enough to contradict the cosmological principle. The physical mechanism responsible for causing it is unknown.

Antineutrino Star Model of the Big Bang and Dark Energy

“…Thus, sufficient time has elapsed for the formation of large structures in the distant universe. This is qualitatively consistent with the existence of the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (Horváth et al 2014;Balazs et al 2015); its size of 7-10 Gly challenges the homogeneity assumption of the ΛCDM model, which predicts structures not larger than ∼ 1.21 Gly (Yadav et al 2010;Clowes et al 2013). Second, the Copernican Principle would suggest that we are not exactly at the center of the antineutrino star.…”

New results in applying the machine learning to GRB redshift estimation

“…Lately, with the help of multi-and uni-variate statistical analysis techniques an intermediate group was found [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Furthermore, recent publications have discovered large structures based on GRBs: the HerculesBorealis great wall at z ≈ 2 [14,15] and the Giant GRB ring at z ≈ 0.8 [16,17]. More GRBs with known redshift are necessary to understand the genesis of these structures.…”

Spectral classification and variation of Fermi GRBs

“…Nowadays using multi-and uni-variate statistical analysis techniques an intermediate group was found [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Moreover, more huge structures have been published recently which were created by GRBs: the Hercules-Borealis great wall at z ≈ 2 [13,14] and the GRB ring at z ≈ 0.8 [15,16]. The genesis of these structures is not known yet.…”