A strong summer phytoplankton bloom southeast of Vietnam in 2007, a transitional year from El Niño to La Niña

Zhao, Hui; Zhao, Jie; Sun, Xinzhang; Chen, Fajin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189926

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The multiple correlation coefficient (Table 2) between Chl-a and all the environmental factors (R = 0.798, p < 0.01) indicates that each of all factors impacts summer phytoplankton blooms in the WSCS. However, in offshore waters, ET and EPV have greater effects on summer phytoplankton blooms than any other factor, consistent with the previous studies (Liu et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Tang et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussion Possible Environmental Factors Regulating Summer Phytoplankton Bloomssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nutrients regulate phytoplankton growth in most WSCS areas (Zhao et al, 2005a;Zhao and Tang, 2007). Stable stratification during summer in euphotic layers inhibits nutrient transport from deeper waters (Zhao et al, 2018). Vertical transport is an important source of euphotic nutrients in oligotrophic seas (Xie et al, 2003;Jin et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Influence Of Upwelling Northward Current and The Northeastward Jet On Summer Phytoplankton Bloomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stable stratification during summer in euphotic layers inhibits nutrient transport from deeper waters (Zhao et al, 2018). Vertical transport is an important source of euphotic nutrients in oligotrophic seas (Xie et al, 2003;Jin et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2018). In summer with conditions of high SST, the growth of phytoplankton gradually migrates to the subsurface layer to adapt to the growth environment.…”

Section: Influence Of Upwelling Northward Current and The Northeastward Jet On Summer Phytoplankton Bloomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

2021

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During summer, phytoplankton blooms occur frequently off the southeast Vietnam coast in the western South China Sea (WSCS). Using multi-source remote sensing data, such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), aerosol optical thickness (AOT), sea level anomalies (SLA), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from 1998 to 2020 and in situ observations of analyzed data, we report the patterns of spatial variation of summer phytoplankton blooms in this region. The partial correlation and multiple stepwise linear regression analyses reveal that Ekman transport (ET) and Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) exert a greater impact on the summer phytoplankton blooms than the other environmental factors, suggesting that the phytoplankton blooms in the region may be mainly triggered by the enhanced nutrients by wind-induced upwelling and vertical mixing. AOT only weakly correlates with Chl-a concentration in the region, probably these prominent abundant nutrients in the region come from upwelling and convective-overturn. A northeastward jet causes the distribution of high Chl-a in the WSCS to be plume-shaped. A new finding in this study is that the northward current in this area may cause the northward deviation of phytoplankton blooms from the areas of upwelling.

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Section: Discussion Possible Environmental Factors Regulating Summer Phytoplankton Bloomssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Influence Of Upwelling Northward Current and The Northeastward Jet On Summer Phytoplankton Bloomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Upwelling Northward Current and The Northeastward Jet On Summer Phytoplankton Bloomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

2021

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“…Therefore, the distribution of PHY in 2011 reflected that the range and the value of high PHY areas in the northern gulf was greater than in 2011 and 2015, indicating that the lower sea temperature in the La Niña year was more conducive to PHY growth in the Beibu Gulf [61]. In the La Niña phase, the wind strengthened, resulting in an increase in CV and seawater mixing, so the concentration of PHY increased [62,63]. From the results of the model simulated outputs (Figures 9-11), we found that the La Niña year of 2011 had lower TEM in general, especially in the northern gulf, and the area of high PHY was larger than that of 2013 and 2015 in the northeastern gulf, but that it moved to south.…”

Section: The Climate Effectmentioning

confidence: 97%

Marine Environmental Regionalization for the Beibu Gulf Based on a Physical-Biological Model

Pan

Liu

et al. 2021

JMSE

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A physical–biological ocean model was employed to investigate characteristics of the Beibu Gulf in the northwest South China Sea (SCS) from 2011 to 2015. We adopted the spatially constrained multivariate clustering method to determine the refined marine environmental regionalization using 10 variables from the model output, and compared regionalization differences in ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) years. The simulated physical and biochemical variables display a wide spectrum of patterns in space and time. The regionalization maps indicated that the Qiongzhou Strait and its adjacent area can be classified as a separate region, characterized by the rich presence of nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus, owing to the water invasion from the western Guangdong estuary. As a result of the invasive progression of the SCS, the northern and southern gulf show distinct features over a boundary near 20° N. In the La Niña year (2011), the classified boundary of the Qiongzhou Strait-northeastern gulf moved southwards due to enhanced phytoplankton growth. In the El Niño year (2015), the current collision from the northern gulf and SCS resulted in the boundary of the northern and southern gulf moving to approximately 19° N. These results provide useful guidance on subregional marine management and subregional studies for the gulf.

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“…The same study also pointed out the need for more representation of studies involving ecosystems in subtropical and tropical latitudes. Temporal patterns in bloom dynamics also can be linked to recurring changes in key environmental conditions at multiyear intervals, such as El Niño/La Niña cycles that affect rainfall levels and in turn alter external nutrient loads, water residence times and a range of other water quality conditions, including plankton dynamics (Lipp et al, 2001;Zhu et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2018;Jiménez-Quiroz et al, 2019). For example, peaks in the abundance of the globally distributed toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense have been correlated to high rainfall associated with El Niño periods in Florida and the Indo-Pacific (Phlips et al, 2006(Phlips et al, , 2020Usup et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclical Patterns and a Regime Shift in the Character of Phytoplankton Blooms in a Restricted Sub-Tropical Lagoon, Indian River Lagoon, Florida, United States

et al. 2021

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This paper examines the character of phytoplankton blooms in a restricted sub-tropical lagoon along the Atlantic coast of central Florida. The results of the 23-year study (1997–2020) provide evidence for multiple types of variability in bloom activity, including cyclical patterns, stochastic events, and most prominently a regime shift in composition and intensity. Cyclical patterns (e.g., El Niño/La Niña periods) and stochastic events (e.g., tropical storms) influenced rainfall levels, which in turn impacted nutrient concentrations in the water column and the timing and intensity of blooms. In 2011, a major change occurred in the character of blooms, with a dramatic increase in peak biomass levels of blooms and the appearance of new dominant taxa, including the brown tide species Aureoumbra lagunensis and other nanoplanktonic species. Results of quantitative analyses reveal system behavior indicative of a regime shift. The shift coincided with widespread losses of seagrass community and reduced drift algae biomass. A combination of exceptionally low water temperatures in the winters of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, hypersaline conditions associated with drought conditions, and high light attenuation caused by blooms appear to have contributed to the widespread and protracted decline in seagrass and drift macroalgal communities in the lagoon, leading to shifts in distribution of internal and external nutrient sources toward phytoplankton.

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A strong summer phytoplankton bloom southeast of Vietnam in 2007, a transitional year from El Niño to La Niña

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

Marine Environmental Regionalization for the Beibu Gulf Based on a Physical-Biological Model

Cyclical Patterns and a Regime Shift in the Character of Phytoplankton Blooms in a Restricted Sub-Tropical Lagoon, Indian River Lagoon, Florida, United States

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