Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

Chen, Ying; Shi, Haiyi; Zhao, Hui

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.740130

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This pattern is consistent with the result of the dome tracing result in which the dome is developed on the lee side of Sri Lanka, to the northwest of the SMC [46]. The counterclockwise pattern of the geostrophic current is consistent with the negative SSHA that usually favors upwelling in the coastal ocean [47][48][49]. However, the summer high chlorophyll patch does not match the negative SSHA region.…”

Section: Sea Surface Heightsupporting

confidence: 82%

Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications

Wang

Bai

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Multiple upwelling systems develop in the Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon. The Sri Lanka dome (SLD), which occurs in the open ocean off the east coast of Sri Lanka from June to September, is distinct from those near the coast. The SLD is characterized by uplifted thermocline and increased chlorophyll concentration. Mechanisms of the upwelling and its biogeochemical response are not well understood. Here, we explored the dynamics of the chlorophyll and sea-to-air CO2 flux in the SLD using ocean color and altimetry remote sensing data, together with other reanalysis products. We found that the occurrence of high chlorophyll concentration and sea-to-air CO2 flux happens along the pathway of the southwest monsoon current (SMC). The annual cycle of chlorophyll in the SLD has a one-month lag relative to that in the southern coast of Sri Lanka. The positive wind stress curl that forms in the SLD during the summer does not fully explain the seasonal chlorophyll maximum. Transport of the SMC, eddy activity, and associated frontal processes also play an important role in regulating the variability in chlorophyll. In the SLD, upwelled subsurface water has excess dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) relative to the conventional Redfield ratio between DIC and nutrients; thus, upwelling and sub-mesoscale processes determine this region to be a net carbon source to the atmosphere.

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Section: Sea Surface Heightsupporting

confidence: 82%

Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications

Wang

Bai

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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“…Conversely, the GAM analyses indicated that in contrast to diet, the temperature was not significantly correlated with the distribution of medusae (Table 3 and Figure 6). The nutrientrich coastal water was carried into the WJR, causing higher phytoplankton density in the WJR than that in adjacent waters (Liu et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2021) and supporting high zooplankton biomass (Thibault et al, 1994). As a carnivorous predator with a broad zooplanktivorous diet (Pavez et al, 2010;Haberlin et al, 2019), the abundance of medusae increases due to the elevated chlorophyll concentration and zooplankton biomass in the WJR (Coyle and Cooney, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cold coastal water is transported to the open SCS under the combined influence of the southwest wind jet and southern anticyclonic gyre, forming a clear cold filament in the sea surface temperature (Li et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2020;Sun and Lan, 2021). Generally, the cold coastal water could spread eastward over most of the central SCS (approximately 115 • E) in summer (Xie et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2021). The complex physical dynamic processes of the wind jet in the midwestern SCS attracted a lot of attention (Ning et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the upwelling delivers subsurface nutrients to the surrounding coastal ocean that supports phytoplankton primary production, and then zooplankton abundance also increases with phytoplankton (Voynova et al, 2013). In the midwestern SCS, many studies documented the physical-biological coupling influencing the chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentration, demonstrating that the southwest wind jet and the anticyclonic eddy bring nutrientrich water into the open SCS from the neritic region and thereby leading to an evident increase of Chl a (Wang and Tang, 2014;Zhao et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021). Consequently, such an effect of physical-biological coupling is delivered to the zooplankton community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls of Wind-Driven Jet on the Distribution of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Midwestern South China Sea

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The coastal water transported by the combined action of southwest wind jet and anticyclonic eddy substantially influences the biological processes in the midwestern South China Sea. However, how the wind-driven jet affects the zooplankton community remains unclear. In this study, the species number, abundance, and vertical distribution of medusae were investigated in the wind-driven jet (WJR) and non-wind-driven jet regions (NWJR). The low-salinity and nutrient-rich coastal water substantially influenced species composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of medusae in the WJR. The species number of the meroplanktonic hydromedusae in the WJR was approximately twice that in the NWJR due to the horizontal transport of wind-driven jets. The abundances of holoplanktonic hydromedusae in WJR were 38.2 ± 9.3 ind⋅m–3, which were thrice of that in the NWJR regions, caused by the abundant diet in the WJR. Additionally, only the abundance of medusae above the thermocline was affected by the coastal water in WJR, while these showed no significant difference below the thermocline between the WJR and the NWJR. Generalized additive model analyses suggested that the diet was the most important factor affecting the abundance of the holoplanktonic hydromedusae and siphonophore, whereas meroplanktonic hydromedusae were influenced by the combination of temperature, salinity, and diet.

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“…The data uses the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena semi-analytical ocean color algorithm [ 25 ]. The Chl- a data have been widely used to study the distribution characteristics of phytoplankton Chl- a in the South China Sea [ 26 ]. Considering the large number of clouds in the study area and many gaps in the daily data, this study selects data with a temporal resolution of 8-day averaged and a horizontal resolution of (0.04° × 0.04°) from the merged daily Chl- a product.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of typhoon and upwelling on Chlorophyll-a distribution in the northeastern coast of Hainan during Summer

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Typhoons or upwelling are thought to promote higher phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in many previous studies. However, the combined effects of typhoons and upwelling have been less studied in the South China Sea. Based on satellite remote sensing data, we investigated potential contributions of temperature-characterizing upwelling and typhoon events to Chl-a changes in the Hainan northeast area. Results showed that the Chl-a concentration was 0.80 mg m-3 at the coastal upwelling index (CUI) of 1.7°C in the summer of 2020 when there were no typhoons crossing the area. The CUI (1.01°C) of typhoon-influenced period in 2019 was 0.21°C higher than that of typhoon-free period in 2019. And the Chl-a also increased from 0.70 mg m-3 to 0.99 mg m-3. In comparison, during the typhoon-free period, with the higher CUI, there was the higher concentration of Chl-a. In addition, the typhoon affected Chl-a concentration is significantly higher than that in the other two typhoon-free periods of 2019 and 2020. Though the typhoon has a limited effect on the upwelling intensity, the Chl-a concentration is much higher than when the upwelling acts alone. This is due to the combined effect of typhoon (vertical mixing and runoff) and upwelling. The above results indicate that upwelling dominated the changes in Chl-a concentration in the Hainan northeast upwelling area during the typhoon-free period. In contrast, strong vertical mixing and runoff dominated the changes of Chl-a concentration during the typhoon-influenced period in the above area.

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Summer Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Upwelling in the Western South China Sea

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications

Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications

Controls of Wind-Driven Jet on the Distribution of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Midwestern South China Sea

Effects of typhoon and upwelling on Chlorophyll-a distribution in the northeastern coast of Hainan during Summer

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