A strategy for anode modification for future zinc-based battery application

Abstract

In the past several years, rechargeable zinc batteries, featuring the merits of low cost, environmental friendliness, easy manufacture, and enhanced safety, have attracted much attention. Zinc (Zn) anodes for zinc...

Metal–organic framework-derived advanced oxygen electrocatalysts as air-cathodes for Zn–air batteries: recent trends and future perspectives

“…Moreover, the Zn-active metal is consumed by the HER reaction, which reduces the battery capacity and causes self-discharge. 193 Several techniques have been developed to address these problems and in Fig. 23, a succinct overview of a few of these mitigation strategies is schematically presented.…”

“…Moreover, the Zn-active metal is consumed by the HER reaction, which reduces the battery capacity and causes self-discharge. 193…”

Recent progress of dendrite‐free stable zinc anodes for advanced zinc‐based rechargeable batteries: Fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives

“…In the alkaline electrolytes (e.g., KOH), zinc anode could release two electrons and could be oxidized into Zn(OH) 4 2− on the metal surface according to the equation 43 : Zn + 4OH − = [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2– + 2e − . When the [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2− concentration approaches saturation condition, it will decompose and precipitate into Zn(OH) 2 and further evolve into ZnO and H 2 O owing to the strong O–H bonds with ample hydroxide ions and deprotonation reaction, 44 which contributes to the high irreversibility of zinc metal in the alkaline electrolytes. Additionally, it is ineluctable corrosion of the zinc anode owing to the negative reduction potential even the existence of zinc precipitated solid zinc species, which occurs in accordance with the equation 45 of Zn + 2OH − + H 2 O = [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2– + H 2 .…”

“…Therefore, the HER resulting from self‐corrosion could not appear spontaneously. Attributed to the superfluous H + in the electrolyte, it is convenient to obtain the electrons from electrolytes, resulting in the H 2 release and low Columbic efficiency 44 . Furthermore, the sites where the H 2 releases could be nonconductive because the H 2 bubbles absorbed on the zinc metal surface restrain the electrons transfers, resulting in the battery failure during the zinc deposition/stripping process.…”

“…In this aspect, the interface engineering is one key to reconstruct the interface between the anode and electrolytes. To date, current works mainly concentrated on the two aspects of artificial coating and in situ pretreatment construction 44,105 …”