A spatial analytical approach to assess the impact of a casino on crime: An example of JACK Casino in downtown Cincinnati

Lan, Minxuan; Lin, Lu‐Yin; Eck, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.103003

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Thus, following social disorganization theory (Shaw & McKay, 1942) and collective efficacy theory (Sampson et al, 1997), we collected census tract-level socio-economic data in 2013 from the US Census Bureau and aggregated them to the neighborhood-level to serve as control variables in the statistical models. These control variables include concentrated disadvantage indicators: poverty rate, unemployment rate, as well as the young adult (18–35) rate, and the median household income (Chiricos, 1987; Haberman & Ratcliffe, 2015; Parker et al, 2005; Raphael & Winter-Ebmer, 2001; Sampson et al, 1997), residential instability indicator rental housing rate (Boggess & Hipp, 2010; Sampson et al, 1997), and the ethnic heterogeneity index calculated as 1−(B2 + H2+W2)/(B+H+W+O)2, where B, H, W, and O are the numbers of residents of Black, Hispanic, White, and Other ethnicities in the neighborhood (Bernasco & Block, 2011; Lan et al, 2021; Patsiurko et al, 2012). The total count of crime attractors/generators (public transit stations, ATMs, bank branches, bars, stores, liquor stores, movie theaters, night clubs, schools, hospitals, parks, recreational places, and restaurants) was controlled for as well because they were tested to be closely related to crime opportunities (Brantingham & Brantingham, 2008; Liu et al, 2020a; Stucky & Ottensmann, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where B, H, W, and O are the numbers of residents of Black, Hispanic, White, and Other ethnicities in the neighborhood (Bernasco & Block, 2011;Lan et al, 2021;Patsiurko et al, 2012). The total count of crime attractors/generators (public transit stations, ATMs, bank branches, bars, stores, liquor stores, movie theaters, night clubs, schools, hospitals, parks, recreational places, and restaurants) was controlled for as well because they were tested to be closely related to crime opportunities (Brantingham & Brantingham, 2008;Liu et al, 2020a;Stucky & Ottensmann, 2009).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Crime and Collective Emotion Interrelated? A “Broken Emotion” Conjecture from Community Twitter Posts

Lan

Liu

Burmeister

et al. 2022

Social Science Computer Review

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A neighborhood’s social cohesion, referring to the emotional and social connection of people within it, tends to have an influential impact on its crime level. Traditional approaches to measuring social cohesion and collective efficacy are mostly interviews and surveys, which are usually costly in time, money, and other resources. Big social media data provides us with a new and cost-effective source of such information. We believe the combination of spatial and contextual information of geotagged Twitter posts (tweets) can gauge the residents’ collective emotions in a neighborhood. The positivity and negativity of these collective emotions may be used to approximate the collective efficacy of the community. Inspired by the broken window theory, we propose a broken emotion conjecture to explain the relationship between collective emotion and crime. To test this conjecture, we collected data on four types of crime (assaults, burglaries, robberies, and thefts) and all public geotagged tweets ( N = 778,901) in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA in 2013. We extracted innovative variables from tweets’ spatial and contextual information to explain community crime and enlighten new criminology theory. Results of negative binomial models show: (1) with necessary socio-economic and land-use factors controlled, the more negative the collective emotion of a neighborhood, the more the crime (except for theft); (2) however, the positivity of the collective emotion of a neighborhood does not have any statistically significant influence on crime. These correspond well with signal detection theory in psychology. The proposed broken emotion conjecture is supported with data from Cincinnati and its general applicability should be tested in other regions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Crime and Collective Emotion Interrelated? A “Broken Emotion” Conjecture from Community Twitter Posts

Lan

Liu

Burmeister

et al. 2022

Social Science Computer Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Second, economic developments from casinos can have effects to reduce crime. Lan et al (2020) conducted research to determine the micro and macro effects of a casino on crime types over time. According to the findings, the impact of the casino on violence and property crimes changes over time.…”

Section: Casino Tourism and Its Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the casino first opened, the crime rate tended to increase around casino. However, as the city, where the casino is located, has experience in casino, the crime rate in the city decreases over time (Lan et al, 2020).…”

Section: Casino Tourism and Its Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Casino Tourism and Reentry to the Casino Gaming Industry - The Case of Turkey

Bahar¹,

Topsakal²,

Yüzbaşioğlu³

et al. 2021

Journal of Yaşar University

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The economic return of the tourism industry is increasing day by day. Destinations that want to increase their share of this increasing economic return want to attract potential tourists by diversifying the tourism services that they offer. In this context, destinations develop and implement special-interest tourism policies such as dark tourism, gastronomy tourism, ecological tourism, balloon tourism, or casino tourism. Considering the economic benefits of casino tourism, interest in the subject has increased. The main objective of the study is to examine positive and negative effects of the closure of casinos on tourism in Turkey, reveal Turkey's potential within the current casino tourism in the world, identify problems that may arise with casino tourism being allowed, and propose solutions. For this purpose, data were obtained through interviews with 10 hotel managers, who experienced about hotel casinos. The results showed that the closure of casinos in Turkey had negative effects on tourism industry and Turkey has significant casino tourism potential. As a result of interview, it can be suggested that artificially developed a touristic casino city in which entry and exits are made by foreign passport and can be followed with the latest systems can be created. There is paucity research on the reentry of casino tourism in Turkey. The results of study aim to provide insight to strategy and policy makers and relevant institutions.

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“…Given a set of crime incidents, Moran's I evaluates whether the crime pattern expressed is clustered, dispersed, or random. It is widely used in studies on the geography of crime to test how concentrated the crime incidents are in an area (Andresen, 2011;Lan et al, 2020;Ratcliffe, 2010). The global Moran's I statistic calculates two major values, Moran's I value and an associated p value (ArcMap, 2020).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Intraday Variation of the Spillover Effect of Tweets-Derived Ambient Population on Crime

Liu

Lan

Eck

et al. 2020

Social Science Computer Review

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The spatial pattern of geotagged tweets reflects the dynamic distribution of the ambient population during day and night as a result of people’s routine activities. A few studies have assessed the impact of tweets-derived ambient population on crime and the spillover effect of such impact at different spatial and temporal scales. However, none has revealed the intraday variation of such spillover effect. This study analyzes both the direct and spillover effects of tweets-derived ambient population on crime and its intraday difference in day and night during weekdays and weekends. Four crime types, including assault, burglary, robbery, and theft, are examined at the neighborhood level. The analysis is based on negative binomial regression models, with the control of necessary socioeconomic and land-use variables driven by criminology theories. Results show (1) tweets-derived ambient population affects the magnitude of crime, but this effect varies by types of crime at different time periods of the day and week, and (2) the spillover effect of the tweets-derived ambient population exists for all four types of crime during most of the time periods at the neighborhood level and is particularly pronounced for thefts at all time periods. Similar results are seen in the block-level analysis. This study further confirms the utility of the count of geotagged tweets as a measure of the ambient population and its spatial lag for intraday analyses of crime, particularly theft.

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A spatial analytical approach to assess the impact of a casino on crime: An example of JACK Casino in downtown Cincinnati

Cited by 16 publications

References 110 publications

Are Crime and Collective Emotion Interrelated? A “Broken Emotion” Conjecture from Community Twitter Posts

Are Crime and Collective Emotion Interrelated? A “Broken Emotion” Conjecture from Community Twitter Posts

The Effect of Casino Tourism and Reentry to the Casino Gaming Industry - The Case of Turkey

Assessing the Intraday Variation of the Spillover Effect of Tweets-Derived Ambient Population on Crime

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