A Spanish version of the athens insomnia scale

Abstract

Objectives To develop and validate a Spanish version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Methods The AIS is designed to assess sleep difficulty and comprises eight items: the first five refer to the sleep disturbance and the last three to the daytime consequences. Either the full eight-item scale (AIS-8) or the brief form (AIS-5) can be administered. The adaptation used a backtranslation design. The validation process was based on a sample of 323 participants (undergraduates, community sample and psychiatric outpatients), which completed the AIS and other questionnaires: anxiety (BAI), depression (BDI) and psychological well-being (GHQ-12) scales. Results The internal consistency coefficients for both versions were above 0.80. The study of dimensionality revealed a single factor with high loadings and a percentage of explained variance above 50% in both versions. Test-retest reliability was above 0.70 (AIS-5) and over 0.80 (AIS-8) at a one-month interval. The correlation between the AIS and the previously mentioned scales was for both the AIS-5 and the AIS-8 above 0.40 and 0.50, respectively. ConclusionThe psychometric properties of both versions of the Spanish form of the AIS demonstrate that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of insomnia in Spanish-speaking populations.

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale

“…Therefore, an examination of whether the same results would be obtained from a population sample that includes all generations is necessary. Finally, as in previous studies, 12,25 sample participants who were recruited from the community did not undergo a face-to-face assessment to clarify whether they had concomitant sleep disorders; these participants were merely those who had not received previous treatment for sleep or psychiatric disorders and produced normal PSQI-J scores. Nonetheless, this study shows that the AIS-J has high validity, and as the scale is both convenient to administer and has a high accuracy, the AIS-J can be expected to have high utility not only in epidemiological research but also for clinical evaluation.…”

“…All three scales have been shown to have appropriate diagnos-tic utility and include a set of items for evaluating both nocturnal sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction. In regard to the specific characteristics of each scale, the item for frequency of sleep medication use is set only in the PSQI, 8 while the ISI is capable of categorizing insomnia severity as follows: absence of insomnia (0-7), sub-threshold insomnia (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderate insomnia (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and severe insomnia (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). 11 The AIS was created to assess the severity of insomnia on the basis of the ICD-10 15 diagnostic criteria for insomnia.…”

Age as a risk factor for acute mountain sickness upon rapid ascent to 3,700 m among young adult Chinese men

“…Subjects with an AIS score ≥6 were considered to be suffering from insomnia 12. The AIS is considered an excellent instrument for assessing subjective sleep quality in both clinical and study settings as it has good reliability and validity9 and is easy to complete 13…”

Instruments to study sleep disorders in climacteric women

“…Scores that are higher than six define the presence of insomnia [17]. There are many publications with AIS, available in many languages including Spanish [23] [Appendix B]. The scale evaluates the events experienced in the last month; its brevity and simplicity allows its application in clinical or community settings.…”

“…It has been noted the high degree of internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 showed by AIS in the general population [23]. It has been demonstrated that daily activities and the presence of menopausal symptoms have an important role in the establishment of insomnia states in Latin America.…”