A Source Area Approach Demonstrates Moderate Predictive Ability but Pronounced Variability of Invasive Species Traits

Klonner, Günther; Fischer, Stefan; Essl, Franz; Dullinger, Stefan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155547

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The explanatory power of fruit heteromorphism on the incidence of naturalization, however, was only 3.7 % for Central European native and 5.7 % for ornamental Asteraceae species in univariate models. These low values are similar to those of other significant invasiveness traits in single-trait studies (Küster et al, 2008;Klonner et al, 2016) or in other ecological and evolutionary studies (Møller and Jennions, 2002). The relatively small contribution of single traits is not surprising given that many other traits, as well as ecological, evolutionary and historical factors (e.g.…”

Section: Fruit Heteromorphism: Another Small Piece To the Naturalizat...supporting

confidence: 79%

The role of fruit heteromorphism in the naturalization of Asteraceae

et al. 2019

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Background and Aims Fruit heteromorphism is considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatially or temporally heterogeneous environments. The different behaviours of the fruit morphs of the same species might also be beneficial during naturalization, once the species has been introduced to a new range. Yet, no study to date has tested the association between fruit heteromorphism and global-scale naturalization success for a large set of plant species. Methods We compiled two large datasets on fruit heteromorphism in Asteraceae. One dataset was on native species in Central Europe (n = 321) and the other was on species frequently planted as ornamentals (n = 584). Using phylogenetic linear and logistic regressions, we tested whether heteromorphic species are more likely to naturalize outside their native range, and in more regions of the world than monomorphic species. We also tested whether the effect of heteromorphism is modulated by life history and height of the species. Key Results We show that heteromorphic species were more likely to naturalize outside their native range. However, among the naturalized species, heteromorphic and monomorphic species did not differ in the number of world regions where they became naturalized. A short life span and tall stature both promoted naturalization success and, when life history and height were included in the models, the effect of fruit heteromorphism on the ability to naturalize became non-significant. Nevertheless, among tall plants, heteromorphic ornamental species were significantly more likely to become naturalized in general and in more regions than monomorphic species. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that in Asteraceae the production of heteromorphic fruits is associated with naturalization success. It appears, however, that not fruit heteromorphism per se, but a successful combination of other biological traits in fruit heteromorphic species, namely short life span and tall stature, contributes to their naturalization success.

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Section: Fruit Heteromorphism: Another Small Piece To the Naturalizat...supporting

confidence: 79%

The role of fruit heteromorphism in the naturalization of Asteraceae

et al. 2019

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“…The ones that did test it also demonstrated its importance (Feng et al., ; Mayer et al., ). The significance of propagule pressure for plant invasions is well‐established (Bucharová & van Kleunen, ; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Touza, Perrings, & Williamson, ; Feng et al., ; Hanspach et al., ; Lockwood et al., ; Pyšek et al., ), and the same is true for the effect of naturalisation or invasion success elsewhere (Klonner, Fischer, Essl, & Dullinger, ; Kolar & Lodge, ; Mayer et al., ; Reichard & Hamilton, ). Compared to those other studies, which included naturalisation elsewhere primarily as a binary metric (yes, no), our study shows that more detailed information on the number of regions where a species is naturalised further improves the predictive value of naturalisation elsewhere (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change

Haeuser

Dawson

Thuiller

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Most naturalised and invasive alien plant species were originally introduced to regions for horticultural purposes. However, many regions now face an invasion debt from ornamental alien species, which have not yet naturalised. In this regard, climate change represents a threat as it may lower the barriers to naturalisation for some ornamental alien species. Identifying those species is extremely important for anticipating impending invasions. To identify predictors of naturalisation, we modelled the effects of climate, nursery availability and species characteristics on the current European naturalisation success of 2,073 ornamental aliens commonly planted in European gardens. We then used the resulting model together with climate projections for 2050 to forecast future naturalisation risks for the 1,583 species not yet naturalised in Europe. We found that non‐European naturalised range size, climatic suitability, propagule pressure, having a dioecious sexual system and plant height jointly explained current naturalisation success in Europe. By 2050, naturalisation probability projections increased by more than 0.1 for 41 species, and only decreased by more than 0.1 for one species. Policy implications. Using predictions based on our integrated model of alien ornamental naturalisation success, we identified species with high future naturalisation risk and species with high projected increases in naturalisation potential in Europe under climate change. This species list allows for prioritisation of monitoring and regulation of ornamental plants to mitigate the invasion debt.

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“…similarity of the climate to that in the species’ native range, and frequency of introduction events: Kolar and Lodge, 2001 ; Jeschke and Strayer, 2006 ; Hayes and Barry, 2008 ; Mahoney et al , 2015 ), but also by species-level traits. Many attempts have been made to characterize phenotypic correlates of successful invasion, in order to predict the invasive ability of a particular species, or their potential to invade a particular environment ( Kolar and Lodge, 2001 ; Jeschke and Strayer, 2006 ; Hayes and Barry, 2008 ; Klonner et al , 2016 ). One of the most significant such traits may be plasticity, that is, the ability to adjust phenotypic characteristics in response to local environments ( Sol and Lefebvre, 2000 ; Geng et al , 2007 ; Wright et al , 2010 ; Li et al , 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%