“…Among all these, the utilization of a magnetic field for microrobot manipulation has unrivaled advantages, including remote maneuverability 7 , fuel-free propulsion 8 , reconfigurability, programmability 9 and recyclability 10 of magnetic materials, and versatility 11 of combining with other external sources to achieve dual propulsion modes. Therefore, the affinity of different locomotion features activated by the magnetic field brings the substantial possibility to the applications of microrobot in various fields, including biology 12 , bioengineering 13 , medicine 14 , micromanufacturing 15 , and microfluidics 16 – 21 . In biomedical engineering, magnetically driven microrobots were employed for adaptive and multimodal locomotion 22 , carriers for therapeutic and targeted drug delivery 23 , acceleration for t-PA 24 and for stem cell transplantation 25 .…”