A Smart Contact Lens Controller IC Supporting Dual-Mode Telemetry With Wireless-Powered Backscattering LSK and EM-Radiated RF Transmission Using a Single-Loop Antenna

Jeon, Cheonhoo; Koo, Jinkyu; Lee, Kyongsu; Lee, Minseob; Kim, Su Kyoung; Shin, Sangbaie; Hahn, Sei Kwang; Sim, Jae‐Yoon

doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2959493

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For an electronic contact lens, the magnetic loop antenna is suitable as the receiving antenna since the size of the designed antenna is generally constrained to be less than a tenth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The frequency applied on electronic contact lenses for loop antenna varies from 13.56 MHz High Frequency (HF) band to 5.8 GHz microwave band [94,102,112,117,[119][120][121]. Fig.…”

Section: A Loop Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an inner semi-circle design as shown in Fig. 4(b), both parasitic inductance and capacitance of the antenna increased and the frequency was reduced to 433 MHz, where the transferring distance is limited to 1 cm [119]. Lingley et al proposed a loop antenna on an electronic contact lens with a micro-Fresnel lens for a future multi-pixel display application, depicted in Fig.…”

Section: A Loop Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

et al. 2021

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The human eye contains multiple biomarkers related to various diseases, making electronic contact lens an ideal non-invasive platform for their diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in technology have enabled the monitoring and diagnosis of glaucoma from Intraocular Pressure (IOP) detection, diabetes from glucose concentration detections, and other biosensors for pH and temperature sensing. Different sensor designs have led to distinct power transfer techniques, among which inductively coupled power transfer is considered most favourable for electronic contact lenses power delivery applications. Therefore, loop antenna, spiral shape antenna, and antenna with nanomaterials such as graphene and hybrid silver nanofibers have been explored under Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency bands for both Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and data communication. Notably, spiral antennas are also considered as the component of IOP sensing using capacitive sensors to detect the changes in frequency caused by pressure. This article reviews the stateof-the-art technologies in electronic contact lens sensors and their power delivery techniques. Herein, diverse sensing methods, materials, and power transfer techniques and the promising future trends and challenges in electronic contact lenses have been presented.

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Section: A Loop Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Loop Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

et al. 2021

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“…The power consumption of smart contact lenses typically varies between 0.27 nW and 1.4 mW, depending on the function and structure of the controller chip, as shown in Table IV [51], [63], [70], [96], [97]. This energy consumption is for the whole system rather than only the driver chip.…”

Section: Driver Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human Machine Interaction

Xia¹,

Khamis²,

Fernández³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Contact lenses have traditionally been used for vision correction applications. Recent advances in microelectronics and nanofabrication on flexible substrates have now enabled sensors, circuits and other essential components to be integrated on a small contact lens platform. This has opened up the possibility of using contact lenses for a range of human-machine interaction applications including vision assistance, eye tracking, displays and health care. In this article, we systematically review the range of smart contact lens materials, device architectures and components that facilitate this interaction for different applications. In fact, evidence from our systematic review demonstrates that these lenses can be used to display information, detect eye movements, restore vision and detect certain biomarkers in tear fluid. Consequently, whereas previous state-of the-art reviews in contact lenses focused exclusively on biosensing, our systematic review covers a wider range of smart contact lens applications in HMI. Moreover, we present a new method of classifying the literature on smart contact lenses according to their six constituent building blocks, which are the sensing, energy management, driver electronics, communications, substrate and the I/O interfacing modules. Based on recent developments in each of these categories, we speculate the challenges and opportunities of smart contact lenses for human-machine interaction. Moreover, we propose a novel self-powered smart contact lens concept with integrated energy harvesters, sensors and communication modules to enable autonomous operation. Our review is therefore a critical evaluation of current data and is presented with the aim of guiding researchers to new research directions in smart contact lenses.

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“…Conventionally, as depicted in Fig. 1 a), wireless communication and power transfer for a smart contact lens is carried out through inductive coupling links, where a magnetic field propagates through the air and induces a current flow into the target wearable device [2]. However, inductive links exhibit drawbacks, such as the high dependence of the link's efficiency on alignment and the narrow gap between the link coils [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Characterization of Intra-Body Links for a Smart Contact Lens

Cuevas

Roa

Stanzione

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Modern and miniaturized ASICs enable the development of anatomically constrained applications within the biomedical framework, such as smart contact lenses. Recent works report lenses receiving power and communicating through inductive coupled links. However, the efficiency of an inductive link depends highly on alignment and distance between coils, thus encouraging the exploration of other techniques to power and communicate a smart contact lens. Intra-body links emerge as an alternative to inductive ones for wearable devices, with promising path-loss results reported in previous works. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of powering a smart contact lens through an intra-body link. We propose a simplified 3D-FEM human-head model to estimate channel losses in a real contact lens situation. Then, we validate the pathloss estimations on the head through a human arm experiment, and comparison against a simplified 3D-FEM human-arm model. Based on our analysis, we estimate retrieved power of μW level, demonstrating the feasibility of using an intra-body link to power a smart contact lens.

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A Smart Contact Lens Controller IC Supporting Dual-Mode Telemetry With Wireless-Powered Backscattering LSK and EM-Radiated RF Transmission Using a Single-Loop Antenna

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human Machine Interaction

Modeling and Characterization of Intra-Body Links for a Smart Contact Lens

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