A skin-beyond tactile sensor as interfaces between the prosthetics and biological systems

Flat Silk Cocoon Pressure Sensor Based on a Sea Urchin-like Microstructure for Intelligent Sensing

“…Using the equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 5b, the change mechanism of the sensor circuit is further explained. 43 In the initial state, there are only a few contact points between the HMSFP−FSC composite and the bottom interdigitated electrodes, and each contact point is equivalent to a resistive element in a parallel circuit, resulting in a contact resistance 6 (R contact ). At the same time, there is also an inherent resistance R HMSFP-FSC between each layer of composite materials.…”

“…When the pressure is loaded, the HMSFP–FSC composite becomes compact due to being squeezed, and the thickness of the composite material decreases significantly from the initial d 0 to d 1 . Using the equivalent circuit diagram of Figure b, the change mechanism of the sensor circuit is further explained . In the initial state, there are only a few contact points between the HMSFP–FSC composite and the bottom interdigitated electrodes, and each contact point is equivalent to a resistive element in a parallel circuit, resulting in a contact resistance ( R contact ).…”

Multimodal Sensors and ML‐Based Data Fusion for Advanced Robots

“…For example, Duan et al reported a pressure sensor based on the composite film with an enhanced irregular structure, which features high sensitivities (2093 kPa −1 ), low limit of detection (<0.43 mN), fast response (<4 ms), and low hysteresis (3.26%), exhibiting slow‐adapting receptors (SA‐I) beyond and comparable low‐frequency fast‐adapting receptors (FA‐I) sensing capabilities. [ 9 ] More thorough discussions about pressure sensors and their applications are presented in these reviews. [ 6,10,11 ]…”

Recent Progress of Tactile and Force Sensors for Human–Machine Interaction

“…Compared to conventional bulky and rigid devices, flexible tactile and force sensors can be attached to curved and soft surfaces; thus, they are suitable to be used for wearable electronics with high comfort and fitness [ 4 ]. Moreover, with the development of material and structural design and micro-nano processing technology, flexible tactile and force sensors have higher sensitivity and lower response time than conventional devices, and some even surpass the performance of the human skin [ 5 ]. Flexible tactile and force sensors have been applied to a variety of applications, including health monitoring [ 6 ], object recognition [ 7 ], intelligent robots [ 8 ], human–machine interaction (HMI) [ 9 ], etc., where HMI is receiving increasing attention since it serves as a bridge to connect human and robots, devices, or virtual avatars.…”

“…Commonly used types of tactile and force sensors include resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and triboelectric sensors, where resistive sensors have high sensitivity and simple readout, but the power consumption is relatively high; capacitive sensors have low power consumption but are sensitive to electromagnetic interferences; piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors have self-powered sensing properties; and triboelectric sensors can detect not only dynamic but also static tactile signals. Recently, strategies to improve the performance of tactile and force sensors have been proposed, including the enhancement of the linear detection range, sensitivity, wearing fitness, and the capability of multi-dimensional tactile sensing, which have the potential to be applied to HMI applications [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”