A single-base deletion in soybean flavonol synthase gene is associated with magenta flower color

Takahashi, Ryōsuke; Githiri, S. M.; Hatayama, Kouta; Dubouzet, Emilyn G.; Shimada, Naoyuki; Aoki, Takeshi; Ayabe, Shin-ichi; Iwashina, Tsukasa; Toda, Kyoko; Matsumura, Hisakazu

doi:10.1007/s11103-006-9077-z

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…W1 encodes a flavonoid 59, 39-hydroxylase (Zabala and Vodkin 2007). W3 cosegregates with a DFR gene, Wp encodes a flavonone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and Wm encodes a flavonol synthase (FLS) (Fasoula et al 1995;Zabala and Vodkin 2005;Takahashi et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Excision of an Active CACTA-Like Transposable Element From DFR2 Causes Variegated Flowers in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Brar

Grosic

et al. 2010

Genetics

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Active endogenous transposable elements, useful tools for gene isolation, have not been reported from any legume species. An active transposable element was suggested to reside in the W4 locus that governs flower color in soybean. Through biochemical and molecular analyses of several revertants of the w4-m allele, we have shown that the W4 locus encodes dihydroflavonol-4-reductase 2 (DFR2). w4-m has arisen through insertion of Tgm9, a 20,548-bp CACTA-like transposable element, into the second intron of DFR2. Tgm9 showed high nucleic acid sequence identity to Tgmt *. Its 59 and 39 terminal inverted repeats start with conserved CACTA sequence. The 39 subterminal region is highly repetitive. Tgm9 carries TNP1-and TNP2-like transposase genes that are expressed in the mutable line, T322 (w4-m). The element excises at a high frequency from both somatic and germinal tissues. Following excision, reinsertions of Tgm9 into the DFR2 promoter generated novel stable alleles, w4-dp (dilute purple flowers) and w4-p (pale flowers). We hypothesize that the element is fractured during transposition, and truncated versions of the element in new insertion sites cause stable mutations. The highly active endogenous transposon, Tgm9, should facilitate genomics studies specifically that relate to legume biology. Figure 1) and purple hypocotyls. Mutations at the W4 locus in the W1_ background result in altered pigment accumulation patterns in petals and reduced levels of purple pigments in flowers and hypocotyls. Four mutant alleles, w4, w4-m, w4-dp, and w4-p have been mapped to this locus. The w4 allele represents a spontaneous mutation, which produces near-white flowers (Figure 1) and green hypocotyls (Hartwig and Hinson 1962;Groose and Palmer 1991). The w4-m allele was identified from a cross between two experimental breeding lines with white and purple flowers, respectively (Palmer et al. 1989;Weigelt et al. 1990). w4-m is characterized by variegated flowers (Figure 1) and green hypocotyls with purple sectors (Groose et al. 1988).w4-m has been proposed to harbor a class II transposable element (Palmer et al. 1989). Presumably, somatic excision of the putative transposable element results in the variegated (Groose et al. 1988) and germinal excision wild-type phenotypes, purple flowers and purple pigments on hypocotyls (Palmer et al. 1989;Groose et al. 1990). The mutable line carrying w4-m undergoes germinal reversion at a very high frequency, about 6% per generation ). Approximately 1% of the progeny derived from germinal revertants contain new mutations in unlinked loci, presumably resulting from reinsertion of the element (Palmer et al. 1989). For example, female partial-sterile 1 (Fsp1), female partial-sterile 2 (Fsp2), female partialsterile 3 (Fsp3), and female partial-sterile 4 (Fsp4) were isolated from progenies of germinal revertants with purple flowers and were mapped to molecular linkage groups (MLG) C2, A2, F, and G, respectively (Kato and Palmer 2004). Similarly, 36 male-sterile, female-sterile mutants mapped to t...

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confidence: 99%

Excision of an Active CACTA-Like Transposable Element From DFR2 Causes Variegated Flowers in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Brar

Grosic

et al. 2010

Genetics

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“…Flavonol Synthase, as a key enzyme involved in the flavonol biosynthetic pathway, has been studied in many plants (Li et al, 2013;Toh et al, 2013;Takahashi et al, 2007;Falcone Ferreyra et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2012;Mahajan et al, 2011). In plants, flavonol synthase could catalyse flavonoids synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonol synthase (FLS), a member of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily, plays a major role in the flavonols biosynthesis. So far, many FLS cDNAs have been isolated from different plant species, such as Tartary buckwheat (Li et al, 2013), Camellia sinensis (Lin et al, 2007), Acacia confusa (Toh et al, 2013), Citrus unshiu (Wellmann et al, 2002), Harosoy (Takahashi et al, 2007), Zea mays (Falcone Ferreyra et al, 2010) and G. biloba (Xu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase (FLS2) Gene from Ginkgo biloba

Zeng¹,

Li²,

Hua³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol.

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A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oFlavonol Synthase, belongs to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily, was involved in flavonol biosynthesis in plants. In this study, we cloned a cDNA encoding flavonol synthase from Ginkgo biloba (designated as GbFLS2).The cDNA of GbFLS2 gene is 1251 bp and contains a 1017 bp open reading frame encoding 338 amino acids. The deduced protein of GbFLS2 displays extensive homology to FLS proteins from other plants such as Pinus radiata, Dioscorea alata, Camellia sinensis and Epimedium sagittatum. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the GbFLS2 has a closer relationship with FLS from gymnosperm plants than from other plant species. The results suggest that GbFLS2 is a member of the 2-ODD superfamily, and it is from the same ancestor as FLS proteins of other gymnosperm plants.

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“…We compared our deduced sequences to specific amino acid changes that have been previously reported to alter anthocyanin production, but no match was found. These changes included amino acid sequences of DFR from petunia, potato and Caryophyllales (De Jong et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2001;Shimada et al, 2004), ANS from Caryophyllales, gentian and onions (Kim et al, 2005;Nakatsuka et al, 2005;Shimada et al, 2005), and F3'5'H and FLS from soybean (Takahashi et al, 2007(Takahashi et al, , 2010. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the amino acid alterations might potentially affect the flower colors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sequence and Expression of Eight Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes on Floral Coloration in Four <i>Dendrobium</i> Hybrids

et al. 2015

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Understanding the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis is beneficial to genetic improvement for floral production in Dendrobium orchids. Full-length cDNA of CHS, CHI1, CHI2, F3H, DFR, ANS, F3'5'H, and FLS was isolated from Dendrobium hybrids with purple, peach, white and greenish white flowers. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and gene expression levels of the eight genes suggested potential causes of color variation among the hybrids. Peach hybrid (SC) was likely due to changes in anthocyanin production from cyanidin to pelargonidin through mutations in F3'H, and the low color intensity was likely derived from the low expression levels of CHI1 and CHI2. In addition, white hybrid (RW) was likely caused by several mutations in F3H and/or high expression levels of FLS, an enzyme that converts color flavonoid intermediates into colorless flavonols. Simultaneous loss of F3H, DFR, and ANS expression observed in another white hybrid (JW) indicated that an alteration of anthocyanin regulatory controls was likely the cause of white coloration. Furthermore, analysis of hybrid mutants bearing pale and dark flowers demonstrated the influence of the expression of anthocyanin genes on the intensity of flower colors. Data obtained from this work could contribute to new strategies for future orchid breeding.

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A single-base deletion in soybean flavonol synthase gene is associated with magenta flower color

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Excision of an Active CACTA-Like Transposable Element From DFR2 Causes Variegated Flowers in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Excision of an Active CACTA-Like Transposable Element From DFR2 Causes Variegated Flowers in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase (FLS2) Gene from Ginkgo biloba

Effects of Sequence and Expression of Eight Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes on Floral Coloration in Four <i>Dendrobium</i> Hybrids

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