A simulated roadmap of hydrogen technology contribution to climate change mitigation based onRepresentativeConcentrationPathways considerations

Abstract

Hydrogen as fuel has been a promising technology toward climate change mitigation efforts. To this end, in this paper we analyze the contribution of hydrogen technology to our future environmental goals. It is assumed that hydrogen is being produced in higher efficiency across time and this is simulated on Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). The environmental restrictions applied are the expected emissions representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 6.0. Our results have shown increasing hydrogen production as the environmental constraints become stricter and hydrogen more efficient in being produced. This increase has been quantified and provided on open access as Supporting Information to this manuscript.

Enabling large-scale hydrogen storage in porous media – the scientific challenges

“…Hydrogen is attracting global attention as a key future lowcarbon energy carrier, for the decarbonisation of transport, power and heating, and of fuel-energy intensive industries, such as the chemical and steel industries [1][2][3][4][5] . The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation 6 has defined hydrogen as "a true paradigm shift in the area of more efficient energy storage, especially for renewable energy on industrial scale" and the IPCC's 1.5 o C Report 7 states that hydrogen must play a significant role as a fuel substitute to limit global warming and that it will lead to emission reductions in energy-intensive industries.…”

“…Uncertainties related to potential leakage, as well as other risks such as induced seismicity and the loss of hydrogen due to microbial activity need to be investigated and quantified, and new monitoring programs require investigation and calibration. This perspective outlines the scientific Figure 1: Hydrogen from renewable energy is stored during periods of high renewable energy production (1) to satisfy demand during times of high energy demand and low renewable energy production (2). challenges of hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon fields, in order to spark a discussion within the multidisciplinary energy research community.…”

Hydrogen Technology, a Short Overview

“…PEM Electrolysers contains a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) through which the protons reach the cathode, where they are reduced, thus forming Hydrogen Gas. The efficiency rate as compared to conventional AWE, is significantly higher, in particular 82-86% [6] while maintaining operational status for high density of current. The HT Electrolysis process differs from the above, mainly in the electrolyte as it uses a ceramic, conductive material which allows for Oxygen ions to pass through it while Hydrogen gas is formed following the catalytic separation of steam inside the cell, to this day it is seen as a cost-ineffective power generation practice as compared to Diesel generators and other thermal machinery.…”

“…As shown in [Image 13], both of the Pyrolysis products can be exploited for their energy production potential, specifically MEC [Image 11] can produce Hydrogen through the exerted aqueous phase while Hydrocarbon fuel-that can of course serve as the basis-fuel for a 'Blue Hydrogen' plant. Methane Pyrolysis along with Microwave direct conversion of plastics to Carbon nanotubes and Hydrogen [7] are some of the most promising new technologies for fighting Climate Change [6] and establishing a Circular Economy model on a global scale.…”

“…Organic waste is another source from which low-emission [6] Hydrogen production can occur combined with the fact that waste management is a vital area of industrial activity. The recovery of energy from wastewater is not a new technology, the scientific community has invested in the subject and there is power generating electrochemical technology based on the degradation of the organic fraction within the wastewater volume by specific microorganisms under anaerobic conditions, these devices are called Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), however, a similar technology has also been developed for the production of hydrogen or methane (Microbial Electrolysis Cells).…”