A simple method of determining sand/shale ratios from seismic analysis of growth faults: An example from upper Oligocene to lower Miocene Niger Delta deposits

Pochat, Stéphane; Castelltort, Sébastien; Driessche, Jean Van Den; Besnard, K.; Gumiaux, Charles

doi:10.1306/04290403117

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…We have reported elsewhere in detail (Pochat et al, 2004) an application of this method to a growth fault located in the Niger delta and which affects Oligocene to early Miocene deltaic series. The T -Z plot drawn from the line drawing of a seismic section across this fault (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using T–Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations from growth strata

Castelltort

Pochat

Driessche

2004

Journal of Structural Geology

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The 'T-Z plot' method consists of plotting the throw of sedimentary horizons across a growth fault versus their depth in the hanging wall. This method has been initially developed for the analysis of growth fault kinematics from seismic data. A brief analytical examination of such plots shows that they can also provide valuable information about the evolution of fault topography. When growth is a continuous process, stages of topography creation (fault scarp) and filling (of the space available in the hanging-wall) are related to non-dynamic (draping, mud-prone pelagic settling) and dynamic (sand-prone, dynamically deposited) sedimentation, respectively. In this case, the T -Z plot analysis becomes a powerful tool to predict major lithological variations on seismic profiles in faulted settings. q

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However a number of shaly intervals on the borehole do not find correspondence on the synthetic column. This may be mainly due to the lower resolution of the seismic data (and thus of the T -Z plot) compared with well log resolution (Pochat et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using T–Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations from growth strata

Castelltort

Pochat

Driessche

2004

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…1a, b). This kind of plot generally shows alternation of segments of positive, null and negative slopes which directly reflect variations in the degree of thickening of the strata towards the hanging wall (Bischke, 1994;Mansfield and Cartwright, 1996;Cartwright et al, 1998;Castelltort et al, 2004a, b;Pochat et al, 2004;Back et al, 2006;Baudon and Cartwright, 2008) (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Determining Fault Kinematics From Growth Strata: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this case thickness variation on both sides of a fault has no straightforward relation with the magnitude of the displacement. In such a case, the assumption of ''fill-to-the-top'' sedimentation, which is required to interpret growth strata in terms of fault kinematics, is not always justified (Childs et al, 2003;Castelltort et al, 2004a, b;Pochat et al, 2004).…”

Section: Determining Fault Kinematics From Growth Strata: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution record of tectonic and sedimentary processes in growth strata

Pochat

Castelltort

Choblet

et al. 2009

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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a b s t r a c tGrowth strata are used to determine the kinematics of synsedimentary structures such as faults. Classical methods of analysis such as thickness versus throw plot consider that the available space created by fault slip in the hanging wall of faults is instantaneously filled up by sediments. This has lead many previous works to identify a cyclic activity for growth faults. Here we perform a careful analysis of the variation of strata thicknesses on each side of a very well documented normal growth fault in the Niger delta. We show that these thickness variations are induced by the alternation of sedimentary processes during continuous fault slip. Suspended-load processes induce either uniform or slightly variable thickness of a large majority of mudstone layers. Bedload processes result in a preferential thickening of sand layers in the hanging wall. These high quality data thus provide strong grounds for doubting the polycyclic growth diagnosed for some faults at the scale of sedimentary cycles and supports the notion that fault displacement rates can be very well behaved. Our study emphasizes the important conclusion that stable fault growth, and related displacement rates, can appear to be punctuated when viewed at the scale of sedimentary cycles. It follows that care should be taken when attempting to derive displacement rates on temporal scales equivalent to those of alternating sedimentological cycles.

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“…The resulting succession of deltaic, inters lope and abyssal plain deposits has reached a thickness of approximately 12 km [1]. Deltaic growth faults and associated strata record the interaction between sedimentary processes and fault movements, and as such they are good for detailed studies of the interaction of tectonics and sedimentation [8][9][10][11][12]. Structure and depositional systems have migrated with the progradation of the delta through time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Deformation and Depositional Processes: Insights from the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Obiadi¹,

Cm²

2016

Oil Gas Res

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The growth and development of the structural and depositional systems in the hydrocarbon rich Niger Delta, off the Atlantic Coast of Nigeria, West Africa, involves a complex interaction of extension, contraction and subsidence such that at any given point in time up-dip extensional system are kinematically linked to down-dip contractional systems via a transitional zone. On the regional tectonostratigraphic zonation are local structural and depositional systems associated with individual extensional faults and thrust-cored folds, local subsidence and withdrawal associated with shale diapir growth. The research is a case study of growth faults and associated deltaic sedimentation in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt of the Niger Delta. Using 3D seismic, a range of well log suites and biostratigraphic data, a regional sequence stratigraphic framework of the study area was produced. Six Maximum Flooding Surfaces MFS's and five Sequence Boundaries SB's were defined within the confines of available data. With the aid of these regional horizons/markers (MFSs and SBs) and events pattern in the seismic volume, a structural interpretation model and framework for the study area was also undertaken. Structural analysis show that fault activity began well before 31.3 Ma and continued beyond 20.7 Ma, and has greatly influenced the creation of accommodation space and sediment accumulation. Generally, due to structural deformation and structurally induced accommodation creation, stratigraphic thickness is observed to have increased in the basin ward direction, and at different stages in the structural evolution of the study area, 'local depocenter' have migrated to the NW (29.3 Ma-22.2 Ma) and then to the SE (22.2 Ma-20.7 Ma) resulting also in lateral changes in stratigraphic thicknesses in these directions.

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A simple method of determining sand/shale ratios from seismic analysis of growth faults: An example from upper Oligocene to lower Miocene Niger Delta deposits

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Using T–Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations from growth strata

Using T–Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations from growth strata

High-resolution record of tectonic and sedimentary processes in growth strata

Structural Deformation and Depositional Processes: Insights from the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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