A simple contactless impedance probe for determination of ethanol in gasoline

Opekar, František; Čabala, Radomír; Kadlecová, T.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.038

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The detection cells with tubular electrodes, Figure 3B,C, connected with an astable multivibrator have also been tested for determination of the ethanol content in automotive fuel [37]; the ethanol concentrations determined using the impedance cell agree, within the reliability interval, with those obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements and fall within the limits recommended by the relevant European Standard.…”

Section: Operational Parameters Of Impedance Cellsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements

Opekar

Tůma

Štulı́k

2013

Sensors

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The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition to characterization of traditional types of impedance sensors, the article is concerned with the use of less common sensors, such as cells with wire electrodes or planar cells. There is a detailed discussion of the effect of the individual operational parameters (width and shape of the electrodes, detection gap, frequency and amplitude of the input signal) on the response of the detector. The most important problems to be resolved in coupling these devices with flow-through measurements in the liquid phase are also discussed. Examples are given of cell designs for continuous flow and flow-injection analyses and of detection systems for miniaturized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. New directions for the use of these sensors in molecular biology and chemical reactors and some directions for future development are outlined.

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Section: Operational Parameters Of Impedance Cellsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements

Opekar

Tůma

Štulı́k

2013

Sensors

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“…Opekar et al. developed a impedance procedure for quantitative determination of ethanol content in real samples of gasoline for cars. The method is based on a change readily monitored in the probe signal due to the change in the ethanol content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This behavior could be related to the capacitive characteristics of the interface electrode/solution (mixture), which can be further evidenced by the Bode plots in low frequency region, as shown by Bode plots in Figure . The |Z| values in the frequency region of 0.02 to 0.1 Hz proportionally decreased with increasing frequency, which features a capacitive behavior of the mixture on this frequency range .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, the application of EIS to study low conductivity media such as oil products, ethanol, and biodiesel have been reported in literature , and the high ohmic drop seemed to be not a concern . One of the EIS advantages for biodiesel content measurements is its efficiency being able to obtain, in a single experiment, all information about the solution, the interface and the electrode surface, through the measured parameters, such as resistance, capacitance, and inductance, which allow a complete characterization of the system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stainless Steel Electrodes to Determine Biodiesel Content in Petroleum Diesel Fuel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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1IntroductionBiodiesel, mainly producedu sing basic liquid catalysts (KOH or NaOH)f or triglyceridest ransesterification [1,2] is one of the main biofuels used in the world, which can be mixed with petroleum diesel to form an alternative automobile fuel [3][4][5].Due to the biodiesel being one of the renewable fuels, the first reasonb ehindt he biofuels program is to reduce oil dependencyand increase the use of renewable,besides the warranty of increasing of energys ecurity.Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) [6][7][8][9] or in many differentc oncentrations [10][11][12],b eing the most common, B20 (20 %b iodiesel, 80 %p etroleum diesel), B5 (5 %b iodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel) and B2 (2 % biodiesel, 98 %p etroleum diesel) [13].B 20 and lowerlevel blends usually do not require enginem odifications [14][15].B esides the positive environmental aspects, the presence of biodiesel in the blendsw ith diesel, could act as alubricity additive [12,13,16,17].Several alternativem ethodsf or quantitative determination of biodiesel contenti nd iesel-biodiesel blends have been reported in literature [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30],s uch as x-ray spectroscopy [18],l iquid and gas chromatography [19][20][21], near infrared spectroscopy [22,23],f ouriert ransform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [25,26],u ltraviolet absorptions pectroscopy [27],f luorescence spectroscopy [30],a sw ell as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [31][32][33].Although some of these methodsare effective,m ajor drawbacks have been observed in the analysis.Theu se of electroanalyticalm ethods [34][35],i ncluding the method EIS [36-37]h as been as ubject of great interest in the last decade in many areas. Them ethod EIS, which uses the dielectric properties to measure the content of biodiesel, seems to be quite promising.Actually,t he application of EIS to study low conductivity media such as oil products,e thanol,a nd biodiesel have been reported in literature [10,11,37,38,39,40],a nd the high ohmic drop seemed to be not ac oncern [41,42]. One of the EIS advantages for biodiesel content measurements is its efficiency being able to obtain, in as ingle experiment, all informationa bout the solution, the interface and the electrodes urface,t hrough the measured parameters, such as resistance,c apacitance,a nd inductance, Abstract:T he blending ratio of biodiesel in petroleum diesel has become one of the most important parameters to ensuret he quality of diesel/biodieselb lend. This paper presents af ast and simple method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determinet he biodiesel contenti nd ieself uel. Differentf rom the methodr eported in the literature, using ap air of two identicals creen printed carbon pastee lectrodes,i nt he present work we used two electrodes made from 304 stainless steel with dimensions of 0.8 0.3 cm for the EIS measurements.I mproved results were obtained in terms of sensitivity,s tability of measurements,e lectrode reuse,a nd cost. In this procedure the charge transfer resista...

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“…Currently, besides the use of anhydrous ethanol as additive, hydrated ethanol is used as fuel in Brazil not only in its pure form but also blended with gasoline in any proportion in flex‐fuel engines. Moreover, ethanol has become an important additive for gasoline in other regions such as USA and European Union 64, 67. Therefore, the development of analytical methods able to quantify ethanol in gasoline is highly desirable.…”

Section: Liquid Fossil Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

et al. 2014

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This article critically reviews the electroanalytical methods devoted for the determination of organic compounds in automotive fuels that can range from contaminants to additives typically introduced into liquid biofuels and liquid fossil fuels. Contaminants such as aldehydes and ketones in bioethanol, free fatty acids and glycerol in biodiesel, and sulfur and nitrogen organic compounds in gasoline and diesel fuel, and additives such as colour markers and antioxidants added to fuels were determined by electroanalytical methods. Special focus is given to electrodes, electrochemical techniques, and sample preparation strategies. Future directions of research on electroanalysis of liquid fuels are presented.

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A simple contactless impedance probe for determination of ethanol in gasoline

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements

Contactless Impedance Sensors and Their Application to Flow Measurements

Stainless Steel Electrodes to Determine Biodiesel Content in Petroleum Diesel Fuel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

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