Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

This work presents the potential application of organic-resistant screen-printed graphitic electrodes (SPGEs) for fuel analysis. The required analysis of the antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP) in biodiesel and jet fuel is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. The screen-printing of graphite, Ag/AgCl and insulator inks on a polyester substrate (250 μm thickness) resulted in SPGEs highly compatible with liquid fuels. SPGEs were placed on a batch-injection analysis (BIA) cell, which was filled with a hydroethanolic solution containing 99% v/v ethanol and 0.1 mol L(-1) HClO4 (electrolyte). An electronic micropipette was connected to the cell to perform injections (100 μL) of sample or standard solutions. Over 200 injections can be injected continuously without replacing electrolyte and SPGE strip. Amperometric detection (+1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) of 2,6-DTBP provided fast (around 8 s) and precise (RSD = 0.7%, n = 12) determinations using an external calibration curve. The method was applied for the analysis of biodiesel and aviation jet fuel samples and comparable results with liquid and gas chromatographic analyses, typically required for biodiesel and jet fuel samples, were obtained. Hence, these SPGE strips are completely compatible with organic samples and their combination with the BIA cell shows great promise for routine and portable analysis of fuels and other organic liquid samples without requiring sophisticated sample treatments.

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“…Antioxidants with phenolic structures are the most commonly used in biodiesels [2] and in aviation jet fuels [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic-resistant screen-printed graphitic electrodes: Application to on-site monitoring of liquid fuels

Almeida

Silva

Sousa

et al. 2016

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…This also holds for biodiesel analysis, 9,10 as demonstrated by the determination of metal ions, acidity, phosphate and organic species. This also holds for biodiesel analysis, 9,10 as demonstrated by the determination of metal ions, acidity, phosphate and organic species.…”

Section: Electrochemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This also holds for biodiesel analysis, 9,10 as demonstrated by the determination of metal ions, acidity, phosphate and organic species. 10 In some applications, only sample dilution (exploiting the inherently high detectability) 56 or simple analyte extraction has sufficed to avoid matrix effects. This has been achieved by proper selection of electrode materials (e.g.…”

Section: Electrochemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Greener procedures for biodiesel quality control

2015

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Biodiesel analysis often requires large amounts of chemicals and organic solvents with consequent generation of large waste volumes. However, several environmentally friendly alternatives have been presented for assay of biodiesel quality control parameters. These approaches include direct analysis with reagentless procedures, improved sample preparation by dilution or analyte extraction with nontoxic solvents, preparation of emulsions or microemulsions, and sample mineralisation under mild conditions as well as strategies for minimization of reagent consumption and waste generation. These greener alternatives are critically reviewed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach in biodiesel analysis. Alternative analytical techniques (e.g. flow analysis and electrochemical detection), predictive studies, and measurement of physicochemical parameters are also discussed. A two-nozzle FBMN for nebulisation of biodiesel samples and water, avoiding acid digestion Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P: 0.005-0.5; minor components: 0.001-3 45 4400 | Anal. Methods, 2015, 7, 4396-4418 This journal is

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“…Advantageous properties of electrochemical sensors such as high sensitivity, fast analysis, easy operation, low-cost equipment, and exceptional long-term calibration stability have attracted a great deal of attention recently [16,17]. Various attempts have been made to fabricate different modified electrodes for NB detection, such as C 60 [18], ordered mesoporous carbon/ didodecyldimethylammonium bromide composite [19], α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod-modified glassy carbon electrode [20], bismuth-film [21], and silica-coated Ag nanoparticles [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrobenzene electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticle supported on poly-melamine functional multi-walled carbon nanotube

Ren

Cui

et al. 2016

Ionics

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A novel and convenient electrochemical sensor, based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-polymelamine(PMel)-silver nanoparticle (AgNP) compositemodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was fabricated for the determination of nitrobenzene (NB). The modified electrode not only played an efficient electrocatalytic role for the reduction of NB but also significantly reduced the overpotential of NB, and the peak current increased greatly compared with bare GCE or other modified electrodes. The excellent performance of NB sensor can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between MWCNT and AgNP. The synergistic effect promoted the electron transfer between MWCNT and AgNP significantly and enhanced the electrochemical reduction ability of NB remarkably. Besides, PMel has huge nitrogen and amine groups, which contributes to the dispersion of silver nanoparticles and also improves the electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity of the sensor. The integration of PMel/MWCNT with AgNP provided a high-performance platform for the NB determination. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed sensor showed a wide linear calibration ranges from 20 to 1000 μM and from 1000 to 6000 μM, with a low detection limit (0.55 μM) for the detection of NB. At the same time, the modified electrode exhibited good stability and reproducibility and acceptable selectivity. Moreover, the proposed sensors were successfully employed to determine NB in real samples, and the recoveries were between 97.2 and 104.6 %.

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Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Organic-resistant screen-printed graphitic electrodes: Application to on-site monitoring of liquid fuels

Organic-resistant screen-printed graphitic electrodes: Application to on-site monitoring of liquid fuels

Greener procedures for biodiesel quality control

Nitrobenzene electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticle supported on poly-melamine functional multi-walled carbon nanotube

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