A Short History of Skin Grafting in Burns: From the Gold Standard of Autologous Skin Grafting to the Possibilities of Allogeneic Skin Grafting with Immunomodulatory Approaches

Schlottmann, Frederik; Bucan, Vesna; Vogt, Peter M.; Krezdorn, Nicco

doi:10.3390/medicina57030225

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Allogeneic skin grafts catalyse potent immune responses involving both the innate and adaptive immune system, and their clinical applications need to rely heavily on effective immunosuppression in the recipient [ 93 ]. The immunocompromised state of patients with severe burn injuries receiving allogeneic skin grafts may result in delayed rejection, secondary infections, and increased scarring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xenogeneic materials such as porcine or fish skin can be used for temporary skin coverage, particularly in large scale or severe burns to stabilise the patient until they can be treated by autologous skin grafting [ 93 ]. Xenogeneic grafts contain antigens which are recognised by the immune system as foreign, which can lead to biochemical failure of the graft or even host organism death [ 95 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xenogeneic grafts contain antigens which are recognised by the immune system as foreign, which can lead to biochemical failure of the graft or even host organism death [ 95 ]. For clinical application, chemical treatments may be used that crosslink proteins within xenogeneic tissue, but this may not completely mask important antigens [ 93 ]. Although a recent Phase II clinical trial has suggested that a xenograft dressing could achieve re-epithelialization in burn wounds even without autologous split-thickness skin grafting [ 96 ], xenografts currently can only be considered a temporary solution for the clinical care of patients with severe burns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Lukomskyj

Rao

Yan

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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Burn wounds are a devastating type of skin injury leading to severe impacts on both patients and the healthcare system. Current treatment methods are far from ideal, driving the need for tissue engineered solutions. Among various approaches, stem cell-based strategies are promising candidates for improving the treatment of burn wounds. A thorough search of the Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to retrieve original research studies on stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments tested in preclinical models of burn wounds, published between January 2009 and June 2021. Of the 347 articles retrieved from the initial database search, 33 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies used murine models with a xenogeneic graft, while a few used the porcine model. Thermal burn was the most commonly induced injury type, followed by surgical wound, and less commonly radiation burn. Most studies applied stem cell treatment immediately post-burn, with final endpoints ranging from 7 to 90 days. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were the most common stem cell type used in the included studies. Stem cells from a variety of sources were used, most commonly from adipose tissue, bone marrow or umbilical cord, in conjunction with an extensive range of biomaterial scaffolds to treat the skin wounds. Overall, the studies showed favourable results of skin wound repair in animal models when stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments were applied, suggesting that such strategies hold promise as an improved therapy for burn wounds. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Lukomskyj

Rao

Yan

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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“…It is a leading burden on healthcare with increasing cases in the world. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reported a prevalence of 605,036,000 cases in 2015 compared to 492,883,000 cases in 2005 based on global, regional, and national data from over 195 countries and territories ( Utami et al, 2020 ; Chouhan et al, 2019 ; Schlottmann et al, 2021 ). The complete wound healing process is carried out in four main parallel steps; hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genipin-Crosslinking Effects on Biomatrix Development for Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review

Nike

Fadilah

Sallehudin

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Split skin graft (SSG), a standard gold treatment for wound healing, has numerous limitations such as lack of fresh skin to be applied, tedious process, severe scarring, and keloid formation followed by higher risks of infection. Thus, there is a gap in producing polymeric scaffolds as an alternative for wound care management. Bioscaffold is the main component in tissue engineering technology that provides porous three-dimensional (3D) microarchitecture for cells to survive. Upon skin tissue reconstruction, the 3D-porous structure ensures sufficient nutrients and gaseous diffusion and cell penetration that improves cell proliferation and vascularization for tissue regeneration. Hence, it is highly considered a promising candidate for various skin wound healing applications. To date, natural-based crosslinking agents have been extensively used to tailor the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the skin biomatrix. Genipin (GNP) is preferable to other plant-based crosslinkers due to its biological activities, such as antiinflammatory and antioxidant, which are key players to boost skin wound healing. In addition, it has shown a noncytotoxic effect and is biocompatible with human skin cells. This review validated the effects of GNP in biomatrix fabrication for skin wound healing from the last 7 years of established research articles and stipulated the biomaterial development-scale point of view. Lastly, the possible role of GNP in the skin wound healing cascade is also discussed. Through the literature output, it can be concluded that GNP has the capability to increase the stability of biomatrix and maintain the skin cells viability, which will contribute in accelerating wound healing.

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“…Skin allografts and cadaveric and living donor allografts[ 14 15 16 ] provide biological wound cover with significant clinical benefits. The clinical uses of allografts include coverage of extensive full thickness wounds, meshed skin autografts,[ 17 18 ] and healing of partial thickness wounds. The benefits of the use of human skin allografts in wound coverage of burns have been well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerolised skin allografts for extensive burns in low- and middle-income countries

Iyun

Ademola

Olawoye

et al. 2021

J West Afr Coll Surg

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Introduction: There has been a significant improvement in the outcome of treatment of large surface area burns in developed countries. A major contributory factor is an early excision and skin grafting of burn wounds. The initial coverage of large surface area deep burn wounds requires the use of temporary skin substitutes such as allografts due to limited skin autografts. Cadaveric skin allografts are the commonest source of skin allografts in use; however, there may be religious, cultural, cost, or other factors mitigating its availability and routine use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Human skin allografts may be used fresh or stored in tissue banks to ensure its ready availability. The purpose of this review is to promote glycerolised skin allografts as a means of skin preservation in low-resource countries above other modalities cryopreservation due to its cost advantages and relative ease of operation. Materials and Methods: A literature search for articles related to human skin allograft use in burn care, skin banks, and glycerolised skin allografts in LMICs was done using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The key words used were ‘allograft’ and ‘burn’ with a filter in the search for human studies. The relevant references in the articles obtained were also searched for and included in the review Results: Sixty-three journal articles were reviewed for contents in line with the objectives of this study. Conclusion: Glycerolised skin graft is a viable option for coverage of extensive burns in LMICs.

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A Short History of Skin Grafting in Burns: From the Gold Standard of Autologous Skin Grafting to the Possibilities of Allogeneic Skin Grafting with Immunomodulatory Approaches

Cited by 38 publications

References 135 publications

Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Genipin-Crosslinking Effects on Biomatrix Development for Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review

Glycerolised skin allografts for extensive burns in low- and middle-income countries

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