Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Abstract

Burn wounds are a devastating type of skin injury leading to severe impacts on both patients and the healthcare system. Current treatment methods are far from ideal, driving the need for tissue engineered solutions. Among various approaches, stem cell-based strategies are promising candidates for improving the treatment of burn wounds. A thorough search of the Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to retrieve original research studies on stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments tested in preclinical models of burn wounds, published between January 2009 and June 2021. Of the 347 articles retrieved from the initial database search, 33 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies used murine models with a xenogeneic graft, while a few used the porcine model. Thermal burn was the most commonly induced injury type, followed by surgical wound, and less commonly radiation burn. Most studies applied stem cell treatment immediately post-burn, with final endpoints ranging from 7 to 90 days. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were the most common stem cell type used in the included studies. Stem cells from a variety of sources were used, most commonly from adipose tissue, bone marrow or umbilical cord, in conjunction with an extensive range of biomaterial scaffolds to treat the skin wounds. Overall, the studies showed favourable results of skin wound repair in animal models when stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments were applied, suggesting that such strategies hold promise as an improved therapy for burn wounds. Graphical abstract

Association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wound in diabetic subjects: A meta‐analysis

“…Moreover, to study the elements with the groupage and gender; our meta‐analysis studies could not prove these factors are related to the outcomes 30‐37 . This was suggested in other meta‐analyses, which showed similar effects 38‐40 . In summary, diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels, higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with non‐ulcerated diabetic subjects.…”

“…[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] This was suggested in other meta-analyses, which showed similar effects. [38][39][40] In summary, diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels, higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with non-ulcerated diabetic subjects.…”

Effect of stem cell treatment on burn wounds: A systemic review and a meta‐analysis

“…Moreover, to study the elements with the group‐age, and gender; our meta‐analysis studies could not prove these factors are related to the outcomes 56‐63 . This was suggested in other meta‐analyses, which showed similar effects 64‐66 ; In summary, stem cells treatment had a significantly higher burn wound healing rate, higher blood vessel number, higher vascular endothelial growth factor, lower interleukin‐1 level, and lower tumour necrosis factor α level compared with control in animals' models with burn wounds.…”

Convergence of Biofabrication Technologies and Cell Therapies for Wound Healing

“…Abbreviations: 3D: three-dimensional, EGF: epithelial growth factor, HA: hyaluronic acid, IGF: insulin growth factor, PCL-b-PEG: poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), PELA: poly( DL -lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol), PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic), VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. Biomaterials with controlled release of bioactive molecules can create an appropriate microenvironment for cell delivery, enhance cell proliferation and engraftment levels, and ultimately improve the cell therapy outcomes [11,137]. Some studies added spirulina, known as a blue-green microalga, to the matrix and assessed the contribution of such a construct in cutaneous wound healing [138,139].…”