A serological survey of rinderpest antibody in wildlife and sheep and goats in Northern Tanzania

Anderson, E. C.; Jago, Mark; Mlengeya, Titus; Timms, CP; Payne, Ariane; Hirji, Karim F.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800047786

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Kenya has been suggested as the source (Nyange and others 1985), but it is necessary to rule out the occult persistence of virus in Tanzania during the period leading up to the 1981/83 outbreak (Nyange and others 1985). Extensive serological evidence of the circulation of rinderpest virus in populations of small ruminants and buffalo in northern Tanzania during the mid and late 1980s was reported by Anderson and others (1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The severity of disease and the pathogenicity of specific viral strains in individual species observed during natural outbreaks and experimental infections are variable characteristics (Plowright 1963, Branagan and Hammond 1965, Anderson and others 1990). Furthermore, the rinderpest virus does not spread between susceptible species in all field outbreaks (Taylor and Watson 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of participatory epidemiology in studies of the persistence of lineage 2 rinderpest virus in East Africa

Mariner¹,

Roeder²

2003

Veterinary Record

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In 1994, rinderpest virus of African lineage 2 was detected in East Africa after an apparent absence of more than 30 years. In 1996, a disease search, based on participatory epidemiological techniques supplemented by serological and virological analyses, was undertaken in southern Somalia and north-eastern Kenya to collate past and current epidemiological information about rinderpest-compatible disease events, and to test the hypothesis that African lineage 2 rinderpest virus persists in populations of transhumant cattle in the Somali ethnic areas. The findings in Afmadu in Lower Juba led the search for rinderpest to the communities in the Bardera area and then on to the Kenya/Somalia border areas between Mandera and El Wak. The herders had a specific knowledge of the clinical signs of rinderpest and provided detailed and accurate descriptions of cases. They differentiated between classical acute rinderpest and a milder syndrome characterised by an ocular discharge and diarrhoea, few oral lesions, corneal opacity and occasional mortality. The studies provided evidence for the endemic occurrence of rinderpest back to at least 1981, with a periodicity of five years in the incidence of the disease. After a period of high mortality in 1992 to 1993, around Afmadu, herders reported a mild disease, with occasional increases in mortality, from other areas of Lower Juba and the Gedo Region. Reports by herders of a rinderpest-compatible disease in the El Wak area were pursued until active cases were located and rinderpest was confirmed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of participatory epidemiology in studies of the persistence of lineage 2 rinderpest virus in East Africa

Mariner¹,

Roeder²

2003

Veterinary Record

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“…To incorporate the effects of atmospheric CO 2 on tree population growth, we used published values of CO 2 ( C , in ppm) from the Mauna Loa long-term dataset in Hawaii [45] . We reconstructed the history of rinderpest seroprevalence in the Serengeti for the periods 1958–1963 and 1982–1989 from the literature [46] – [48] . Raw data values for the model covariates used in the analysis are given below as text files for R and WinBUGS input.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Disease-Mediated Trophic Cascade in the Serengeti and its Implications for Ecosystem C

et al. 2009

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“…Since then there has been only one documented outbreak of rinderpest in the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem, in 1982 (P. B. Rossiter, unpubl. data;Anderson et al 1990;Kock et al 1999). The actual mortality attributed to this outbreak was low, probably because of the restricted area affected by the virus (Anderson et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Population regulation of African buffalo in the Mara–Serengeti ecosystem

Dublin

Ogutu

2015

Wildl. Res.

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Context. The processes regulating ungulate populations have been the focus of numerous studies. For the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman) population inhabiting the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem, rinderpest was the primary regulatory factor up to the mid-1960s. Following reduction of rinderpest and buffalo population increase, interspecific competition for food, notably with cattle and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus Burchell), was thought to be the primary regulatory factor in the ecosystem.Aims. We analysed buffalo population trends and the relationship between buffalo population growth and rainfall and density dependence in the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem and discuss the findings in the context of the key ecosystem processes governing buffalo population dynamics in African savannas, namely, food limitation, competition, predation, disease and land use changes.Methods. We analysed buffalo population dynamics in the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem in relation to rainfall and density dependence feedback between 1984 and 2010.Key results. Buffalo population growth was both significantly density-dependent and positively correlated with the dry season rainfall after, but not before, a severe drought in 1993. Buffalo numbers crashed by 48.6% in 1984-85 and by 76.1% in 1993-94 during severe droughts when food availability was lowest and competition with the more numerous cattle and wildebeest was highest.Conclusions. Recovery of buffalo numbers to pre-drought levels took 8-9 years after the 1984-85 drought but was much slower, with buffaloes numbering merely 36% of their 1993 population (12 895 animals) 18 years after the 1993-94 drought despite intermittent periods of high rainfall, probably due to demographic and/or reproductive factors, heightened competition with livestock, land use changes in the adjoining pastoral ranches, lion predation and recurrent severe droughts.Implications. Our findings demonstrate how food limitation caused by droughts associated with the hemispheric El Niño-Southern Oscillation can cause severe declines in and threaten the persistence of large ungulate populations. The findings also portray how density-dependent food limitation, competition, predation, land use changes and other factors can accentuate the effect of droughts and greatly prolong population recovery.

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A serological survey of rinderpest antibody in wildlife and sheep and goats in Northern Tanzania

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Use of participatory epidemiology in studies of the persistence of lineage 2 rinderpest virus in East Africa

Use of participatory epidemiology in studies of the persistence of lineage 2 rinderpest virus in East Africa

A Disease-Mediated Trophic Cascade in the Serengeti and its Implications for Ecosystem C

Population regulation of African buffalo in the Mara–Serengeti ecosystem

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