A self assembled monolayer based microfluidic sensor for urea detection

Srivastava, Saurabh; Solanki, Pratima R.; Kaushik, Ajeet; Ali, Md. Azahar; Srivastava, Anchal; Malhotra, Bansi D.

doi:10.1039/c1nr10240k

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For microfluidic systems with covalently bonded enzymes, long-term stabilities up to 12 weeks have been reported (Srivastava et al, 2011) which is two weeks longer than the stability of adsorbed and cross-linked enzyme layers (Ges and Baudenbacher, 2010b). However, the longer and more complicated immobilization procedure has to be taken into account.…”

Section: Covalent Bondingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A third counter electrode (CE) provides the current needed to keep the WE at the desired potential. Stability of the Ag/AgCl electrode can be a critical issue and is subject to ongoing research (Huang et al, 2009), which is why in some systems a replaceable external reference electrode is used (Ges and Baudenbacher, 2010a;Srivastava et al, 2011). This, however, adds an additional part to the system which has to be integrated.…”

Section: Redox Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Simple, takes only few minutes; Detachment and denaturation possible, poor control of molecule orientation 10 weeks (Ges and Baudenbacher, 2010b) Covalent bonding SAM with high uniformity, good control of enzyme density and orientation, reduced denaturation; Complex protocols, time-consuming 12 weeks (Srivastava et al, 2011) Bioaffinity bonding Good control of enzyme density and orientation, reduced denaturation, biotinylated enzymes available; Complex protocols, time-consuming 20% signal loss after 2 weeks (Anzai et al, 1998) Entrapment in polymers Enzymes in aqueous environment retain native form, little denaturation 18% signal loss after 1 week (Jang et al, 2012) microfluidic layers at room temperature after functionalization is the usage of UV curable glue (Ahn et al, 2004;Do et al, 2008).…”

Section: Physisorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, either carboxylic head groups with amide bonding or amine head groups for the formation of a Schiff base are typically employed. In the first case, the carboxylic group is usually activated with NHS (N-Hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride) and then forms an amide bond with the NH 2 group of the enzyme (Srivastava et al, 2011;Y. Wang et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Covalent Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review

Mross

Pierrat

Zimmermann

et al. 2015

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Section: Covalent Bondingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Redox Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Physisorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covalent Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review

Mross

Pierrat

Zimmermann

et al. 2015

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Accurate determination of urea level in a biological sample is considered very important as variation in blood urea concentration (8–20 mg/dL) is an indicator for several diseases, e.g. renal failure, hepatic failure, nephritic syndrome, cachexia, urinary tract obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding [30, 31]. Generally, the enzymes urease and glutamate dehydrogenase are used for the determination of the level of urea in biological samples.…”

Section: Microfluidics‐based Biosensors For Poc Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic‐integrated biosensors: Prospects for point‐of‐care diagnostics

Kumar

Ali

et al. 2013

Biotechnology Journal

Self Cite

169

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There is a growing demand to integrate biosensors with microfluidics to provide miniaturized platforms with many favorable properties, such as reduced sample volume, decreased processing time, low cost analysis and low reagent consumption. These microfluidics-integrated biosensors would also have numerous advantages such as laminar flow, minimal handling of hazardous materials, multiple sample detection in parallel, portability and versatility in design. Microfluidics involves the science and technology of manipulation of fluids at the micro- to nano-liter level. It is predicted that combining biosensors with microfluidic chips will yield enhanced analytical capability, and widen the possibilities for applications in clinical diagnostics. The recent developments in microfluidics have helped researchers working in industries and educational institutes to adopt some of these platforms for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. This review focuses on the latest advancements in the fields of microfluidic biosensing technologies, and on the challenges and possible solutions for translation of this technology for POC diagnostic applications. We also discuss the fabrication techniques required for developing microfluidic-integrated biosensors, recently reported biomarkers, and the prospects of POC diagnostics in the medical industry.

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Spin‐coated ZnO–graphene nanostructure thin film as a promising matrix for urease immobilization of impedimetric urea biosensor

Karimi

Mozaffari

Ebrahimi

2018

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The fabrication, characterization, and application of a nanostructured zinc oxide/ graphene (ZnO/Gr) transducer were described for the determination of urea concentration. For this purpose, thin films of sol-gel-synthesized ZnO nanostructure and Gr were prepared using the spin coating technique on the conductive fluorinated-tin oxide (FTO) substrate. Appropriate correlations between the spinning parameters and thin film features were established so that an efficient ZnO-Gr thin film was obtained. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images prove thin film pores to be an operative biosensing zone for urease (Urs) enzyme immobilization.Step-by-step monitoring of FTO/ZnO-Gr/Urs biosensor fabrication was achieved using electrochemical methods. The impedimetric results of a fabricated FTO/ZnO-Gr/Urs biosensor show high sensitivity for urea detection within 5.0-125.0 mg/dL and a limit of detection of 3.36 mg/dL. K E Y W O R D Simpedimetric assessment, sol gel, spin coating, urea biosensor, ZnO-graphene

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A self assembled monolayer based microfluidic sensor for urea detection

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review

Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review

Microfluidic‐integrated biosensors: Prospects for point‐of‐care diagnostics

Spin‐coated ZnO–graphene nanostructure thin film as a promising matrix for urease immobilization of impedimetric urea biosensor

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