A secure, imperceptible yet perceptually salient, spread spectrum watermark for multimedia

Abstract

We describe a digital watermarking method for use in audio, image, video and multimedia data. We argue that a watermark must be placed in perceptually significant components of a signal if it is to be robust to common signal distortions and malicious attack. However, it is well known that modification of these components can lead to perceptual degradation of the signai. To avoid this, we propose to insert a watermark into the spectral components of the data using techniques analogous to spread sprectrum communications, hiding a narrow band signal in a wideband channel that is the data. The watermark is difficult for an attacker to remove, even when several individuals conspire together with independently watermarked copies of the data. It is also robust to common signal and geometric distortions such as digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion, resampling, and requantization, including dithering and recompression and rotation] translation, cropping and scaling. The same digital watermarking algorithm can be applied to all three media under consideration with only minor modifications, making it especially appropriate for multimedia products. Retrieval of the watermark unambiguously identifies the owner, and the watermark can be constructed to make counterfeiting almost impossible. Experimental results are presented to support these claims. A longer version of this document may be obtained from http://www.neci.nj.nec.com/tr/neci-tr-95-1O.p~.

Behavioral synthesis techniques for intellectual property protection

“…Two methods for watermarking images which are highly sensitive to noise and are easily corrupted are proposed in Schyndel et al [1994]. A promising method based on spread-spectrum which is difficult to intercept and remove but may introduces perceivable distortion into the host signal has been proposed by Cox et al [1996]. Yeung et al [1997] addressed the requirements, techniques, and applications of digital watermarking targeted for high-quality images.…”

“…On the other hand, in the last few years, the rapid growth in watermarking or signature-hiding techniques in numerous areas, most often in connection with the Internet, has been observed. Numerous signature-hiding techniques have been proposed for image [Bender et al 1996;Cox et al 1996;van Schyndel et al 1994], video [Hartung and Kutter 1999], voice [Boney et al 1996] and text data [Berghel and O'Gorman 1996]. However, these techniques do not provide an adequate solution for intellectual property protection.…”

A Robust Watermarking Scheme Based on the Mean Modulation of DWT Coefficients

“…The two main used techniques for watermark embedding are the spread spectrum (SS) [12] and the quantization (QIM) [10] based techniques. These techniques have been subject to much amelioration such as the spread transform dither modulation [13] and the progressive quantization [14] for QIM-based-techniques; and the improved SS [9], the multiplicative SS (MSS) [15], and the improved MSS for SSbased-techniques [16].…”

Analysis of watermarking techniques for graph coloring problem

“…Recently, many techniques for watermarking digital data (text, image, audio, video and multimedia) have been developed [1,3,4,10,12]. These techniques simply add a signature to the digital data and thus change the original data.…”

“…The MIS containing M is constructed in the following way: the vertex vi, where i is equal to the value of the first blog 2 A small example of an 11-node graph with the embedded message 199810 = 111110011102 is shown in Figure 4, where we color the graph with three colors fv1; v 4 If we apply the algorithm in Figure 3 on a random graph Gn;p, the first vertex can be selected arbitrarily, and its pn neighbors will be eliminated. So there will be at most 1 , pn = qnvertices qualified for the second vertex of the same MIS.…”