A Robust Watermarking Scheme Based on the Mean Modulation of DWT Coefficients

Abstract

In an endeavor to deal with image copyright infringement, robust watermarking approaches are commonly used. However, most of the existing approaches either present a limited robustness or rely on highly computational algorithms, thereby limiting the efficiency of these solutions. In this paper, a novel blind and robust watermarking method is presented. First, the vertical and horizontal subbands coefficients, resulting from the wavelet transformation, are scrambled using a chaotic sequence and then gathered into individual blocks. Next, the mean value of each block is modulated according to watermark bit. At the extraction stage, based on the sign of the blocks’ mean, a blind watermark extractor is suggested. The imperceptibility, security, complexity, and robustness of the proposed approach have been evaluated and compared with state of the art solutions. Experimental results prove that the proposed approach successfully satisfies the watermarking requirement and outperforms existing methods against both geometric and signal processing attacks.

Optimasi Hybrid Invisible Watermarking RDWT-DCT-SVD menggunakan Algoritma PSO pada Citra Digital

“…Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) secara umum sama seperti dengan DWT yaitu citra akan didekomposisi menjadi empat bagian yaitu LL, LH, HL, dan HH [7]. LL merupakan frekuensi rendah-rendah (low-low frequency), LH merupakan frekuensi rendah-tinggi (low-high frequency), HL adalah frekuensi tinggi-rendah (high-low frequency) dan HH adalah frekuensi tinggi-tinggi (high-high frequency) [8].…”

Adaptive Robust Blind Watermarking Scheme Improved by Entropy‐Based SVM and Optimized Quantum Genetic Algorithm

“…On the basis of entropy classification, the brightness (b) of the image block was calculated according to equation (19) and then subdivided again based on brightness.…”

“…However, experiments have found that even though the processing speed, efficiency, and image visual effects are greatly improved, the watermarked image is weak in resistance to geometric attacks. By analyzing the robust watermarking algorithms proposed by Zhou et al [18] and Kricha et al [19], we found that embedding watermark information in the DWT domain can effectively improve the anti-geometric attack ability for the watermark scheme by experiments. Consequently, an adaptive robust blind watermarking algorithm was proposed based on optimized quantum genetic (OQGA) and improved by entropy-based SVM.…”