A scoping review of stereotype threat for BIPOC: Cognitive effects and intervention strategies for the field of neuropsychology

VanLandingham, Hannah; Ellison, Rachael L.; Laique, Aamir; Cladek, Andrea; Khan, Humza; González, Christopher; Dunn, Megan R.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1947388

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This is due to a host of factors, including use of items that may be insufficiently inclusive or reflective of broad cultures, and potential stereotype threat during assessment. 36,37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to a host of factors, including use of items that may be insufficiently inclusive or reflective of broad cultures, and potential stereotype threat during assessment. 36,37 The current study should be interpreted in light of strengths and weaknesses. First, our sample was large and from a region with substantial variability in neighborhood deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Child Cognition in Clinically Referred Youth

Kalb,

Lieb,

Ludwig

et al. 2023

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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Objective: When socioeconomic status is measured at the individual and/or family level, it has long been associated with cognition in children. However, the association between neighborhood deprivation, an index of community-level socioeconomic status, and child cognition is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate (1) the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and child cognitive functioning and (2) whether child age moderates the relationship between cognitive functioning and neighborhood deprivation. Methods: This study included 9878 children, ages 3 through 17 years (M = 10.4 yrs, SD = 3.4 yrs). Data were gathered from children referred for and evaluated at an urban, outpatient neuropsychology assessment clinic between 2006 and 2022, located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was measured at the census block level using the Area Deprivation Index composite. Results: There was a 20-point median difference in overall intelligence between the neighborhoods with the lowest and highest levels of deprivation. Overall intelligence and verbal comprehension, compared with working memory, fluid reasoning, and processing speed, demonstrated the strongest negative association with neighborhood deprivation (all p < 0.05). Older children had lower overall intelligence scores compared with younger children in neighborhoods with high levels of deprivation (p < 0.01), suggesting a cumulative influence of poverty exposure. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the stark disparities in child cognitive functioning across levels of neighborhood deprivation. Findings support the importance of access to early interventions and services that promote intellectual growth and verbal capacity among children who live in neighborhoods with great deprivation.

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“…This is due to a host of factors, including use of items that may be insufficiently inclusive or reflective of broad cultures, and potential stereotype threat during assessment. 36,37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Child Cognition in Clinically Referred Youth

Kalb,

Lieb,

Ludwig

et al. 2023

J Dev Behav Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfamiliarity or discomfort with the examiner or testing situation can significantly impact test engagement and performance (AERA et al, 2014) and compromise the collection of accurate data. Spe cific factors include rapport (Barnett et al, 2018), stereotype threat (van Landingham et al, 2022), perceived microaggressions (Thames et al, 2013), stigma with mental illness (Chu & Sue, 2011), and per ceived importance of the task (Ardila, 2007). Thus, it is imperative that neuropsychologists are aware of the patient's culture to develop hypotheses of how they will perceive the testing situation and adapt approaches to address issues and maximize comfort and engagement.…”

Section: Testing Situation: Perception and Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural and linguistic factors in assessment.

Fujii

2024

Clinical Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for Assessment (4th Ed.).

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Neuropsychological assessment (NA) evaluates the functional integ rity of the brain to inform clinicians' opinions regarding differential diagnosis and functional abilities and provide them with a basis for recommendations to enhance quality of life. The assessment is typi cally based upon a clinical interview (which gathers information about an individual's premorbid functioning and progression of behav iors and symptoms associated with neurological or psychiatric dis orders) and neurocognitive testing (NT).Although both the interview and testing components of the neuropsychological assessment process (NAP) are common experi ences for "Westerners" (i.e., individuals from North American majority cultures), these experiences may not be familiar to individuals from nonWestern cultures. For example, being alone with a stranger who is asking personal questions about you and your family is not a common or comfortable experience for people in many Latin Ameri can countries (Ardila, 2007). Similarly, NT, which is generally assumed to be objective, is in actuality based on the values, behavioral norms,

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“…The decrease in work memory due to stereotype-related distractions (Doncel-García et al, 2022 ; Johns et al, 2008 ; Schmader and Johns, 2003 ; Turner and Engle, 1989 ). These may also lead to mind-wandering, with studies reporting an increase in stereotype-related thoughts and concerns when those were triggered in priming tasks (Brown Morris, 2022 ; Rydell et al, 2014 ; VanLandingham et al, 2021 ). Additionally, motivational mechanisms mediated by achievement goals showed that high difficulty activities induced apprehension (Chalabaev et al, 2008 ; Elliot and Church, 1997 ; Seo and Lee, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two billion registered students affected by stereotyped educational environments: an analysis of gender-based color bias

Santos

Bittencourt

Reis

et al. 2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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According to the literature, educational technologies present several learning benefits to promote online education. However, there are several associated challenges, and some studies illustrate the limitations in elaborating educational technologies, called Design limitations. This aspect is responsible for unleashing various issues in the learning process, such as gender inequality, creating adverse effects on cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mediators, which opposes the fifth UN’s Sustainable Development Goal. Therefore, many studies notice the harmful effects of stereotypes in educational technologies. These effects can be included in the design, like colors or other stereotyped elements, or how the activity is conducted. Based on this, the present study aimed to verify the predominance of color bias in educational technologies available on the WEB. This study developed a computational solution to calculate male and female color bias in the available educational technology web pages. The results suggest the prevalence of the development of educational technologies with a male color bias, with an imbalance among genders, without adequate customization for age groups. Furthermore, some environments, such as Computer Science, present a higher color bias for men when compared to women. Despite both scales being independent, results indicated interesting evidence of a substantial prevalence of colors associated with the male scale. According to the literature, this may be associated with dropout and lack of interest in female students, especially in sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics domains.

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A scoping review of stereotype threat for BIPOC: Cognitive effects and intervention strategies for the field of neuropsychology

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Child Cognition in Clinically Referred Youth

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Child Cognition in Clinically Referred Youth

Cultural and linguistic factors in assessment.

Two billion registered students affected by stereotyped educational environments: an analysis of gender-based color bias

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