A salt-free pickling and chrome-free tanning technology: a sustainable approach for cleaner leather manufacturing

Liu, Xinhua; Wang, Youyou; Wang, Xuechuan; Han, Tao; Wang, Wanni; Jiang, Huie

doi:10.1039/d1gc04105c

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…As for the final visual appearance for commercialization, the crust leathers presented a fashionable brown color, which became darker with increasing the DCar dosage (Figure a–d). Additionally, the grain pattern of the DCar crust leather was smoother (mean grain width was from 0.66 mm to 0.53 mm) and more stereoscopic (Figure e–h) owing to the mild astringency of Al(III) during the AL fixation treatment . For the commercialization of colored leather, dyeing uniformity and coloring fastness are two other important properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the grain pattern of the DCar crust leather was smoother (mean grain width was from 0.66 mm to 0.53 mm) and more stereoscopic (Figure 8e−h) owing to the mild astringency of Al(III) during the AL fixation treatment. 8 For the commercialization of colored leather, dyeing uniformity and coloring fastness are two other important properties. As illustrated in Figure 8i, the lower STDEV value of ΔE denotes that the DCar crust leather had higher dyeing uniformity.…”

Section: Mechanism For the Enhanced Performance Of Dcarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leather production generally includes dozens of processes, among which tanning is the essential step wherein the raw skin/hide is converted into a highly stable leather material . Currently, chromic salts are the species most widely used commercially to produce leather products with desirable physical and organoleptic properties due to their excellent crosslinking effects on collagen fibers (CFs). , Unfortunately, large amounts of chrome-containing solid and liquid wastes are inevitably generated because these pollutants are difficult to be adequately managed and disposed of at a low cost. , Such inevitable chrome-involved pollution has stringently driven leather manufacturers to seek cleaner chrome-free leather production alternate technologies. − Among the chrome-free tanning technologies developed recently, bio-based organic tanning materials have raised significant attention considering their sustainable nature and biodegradation features. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Providing Natural Organic Pigments with Excellent Tanning Capabilities: A Novel “One-Pot” Tanning–Dyeing Integration Strategy for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing

Ding

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Engineering high-performance chrome-free colored leather is currently a tough challenge in the leather industry. Herein, we report on a novel tanning−dyeing integration strategy based on converting natural cochineal carmine (Car) into an effective tanning agent (DCar) without losing its dyeing capabilities via periodate oxidation. Initially, DCar was used as a tanning−dyeing agent, leading to tanned-dyed leather with well-dispersed and fixed collagen fibers (CFs) and a shrinkage temperature (T s ) of ca. 70 °C. Subsequently, this leather was filled and fatliquored to be prepared for the subsequent aluminum fixation of the CFs matrix, which was facilitated by the excellent metal complexation capabilities of DCar. This dual integrative process resulted in successful simultaneous leather tanning and dyeing. Consequently, the resultant crust leather had a T s of ca. 80 °C with an outstandingly dispersed and fixed CFs network and excellent softness, fullness, and commercializable mechanical strength (tensile strength: 13 N/mm 2 ; tear strength: 54 N/mm). Besides, it also had a highly marketable brown color, a smooth grain surface, and excellent coloring uniformity and fastness. These results open the door for a new paradigm, i.e., providing natural pigments and dyes with tanning properties to develop novel and benign dual tanning− dyeing agents for the leather industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism For the Enhanced Performance Of Dcarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Providing Natural Organic Pigments with Excellent Tanning Capabilities: A Novel “One-Pot” Tanning–Dyeing Integration Strategy for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing

Ding

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The chemical interactions, e.g., ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic bonding between the tanning agent and collagen can be disrupted by washing with certain chemical reagents, which in turn leads to the change of T s of the leather. This provides us a clue to infer the key interaction after the combination tanning [37]. For example, distilled water can wash out tannins that are free or weakly adsorbed in the leather; Urea and n-propanol are hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bond breaking reagents, respectively [38,39].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms In the Combination Tanning Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable metal-free leather manufacture via synergistic effects of triazine derivative and vegetable tannins

et al. 2023

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Restrictions on heavy metals, especially chromium, have encouraged alternative tanning systems that can reduce environmental and human health risks from conventional chrome-based tanning. In this work, metal-free combination tanning was developed by using vegetable tannins and a triazine-based syntan containing active chlorine groups (SACC). Specifically, the relationship between leather performance (e.g., hydrothermal stability and organoleptic properties) and technical protocols (e.g., types and dose of tannins) was systematically established. The optimized protocol involving a unique procedure (i.e., 10% SACC pre-tanning, shaving, and 25% wattle tanning) endowed the leather with high shrinkage temperature (~ 92 °C) and met the Chinese standards for shoe upper leather (QB/T 1873-2010). Our method not only produces zero chrome-containing solid wastes, but also uses ~ 75% less tannin for leather manufacture. The excellent leather performance was ascribed to the synergistic effects, where SACC and wattle diffused into collagen fibrils and may bind to collagen via covalent, hydrogen and ionic bonding, locking the hierarchical structure of collagen from microfibrils to fiber bundles. Moreover, we summarized these findings and proposed a diffusion-binding-locking mechanism, providing new insights for current tanning theory. Together with the biodegradable spent tanning liquor, this approach will underpin the development of sustainable leather manufacture. Graphical Abstract

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“…Globally, about 90% of leather products are produced using the chrome tanning method (Sathish et al 2019). The tannage process is the most commonly used technique in the leather industry (Liu et al 2022). Chrome tanning is highly associated with severe environmental pollution (Zhou et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetite-impregnated biochar of parthenium hysterophorus for adsorption of Cr(VI) from tannery industrial wastewater

2023

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The tannery industry inevitably generates toxic and catastrophic wastewater, which results in a huge threat to public health and water resources. Therefore, this work aimed to synthesize parthenium hysterophorus-based biochar–Fe3O4 composite for removal of Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater under 34 full factorial experimental designs of the Box–Behnken, which was analyzed using response surface methodology under four independent factors of pH (3, 6, and 9), initial Cr(VI) concentrations (40, 70, and 100 mg/L), contact times (30, 60, and 90 min), and adsorbent doses (20, 60, and 100 mg/100 mL). This composite adsorbent was described by a high BET surface area of 237.4 m2/g, XRD prominent peaks, SEM morphology corroborate and FTIR multifunctionalities of O–H at 3296 cm−1, the vibration of ketone C–OH at 1240 cm−1, and the vibration of C–O–C at 1147 cm−1 and Fe–O stretching at 542 cm−1. The maximum Cr(IV) removal efficiency of 91.8% was recorded at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 40 mg/L, pH of 3, adsorbent dose of 100 mg/100 mL, and a contact time of 90 min, whereas the minimum Cr(VI) removal of 17.3% was observed at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L, 20 mg/100 mL of adsorbent dose, pH of 9, and contact time of 30 min. The concentration of Cr(VI) in real wastewater was determined to be 85.13 mg/L and its remediation was found to be 81.8%. Langmuir’s model was the best fit with experimental data at R2 0.99 and qmax 400 mg/g, showing that the adsorption process was homogenous and monolayer. In conclusion, the adsorption results were encouraging, and biochar–Fe3O4 appears to be a potential candidate for Cr removal from wastewater.

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A salt-free pickling and chrome-free tanning technology: a sustainable approach for cleaner leather manufacturing

Abstract: Owing to pollution of tannery effluents with chromium, total dissolved solids, and neutral salts (chlorides), researchers have focused on eco-benign pickling and tanning processes. Here, a sustainable approach by employing...

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Providing Natural Organic Pigments with Excellent Tanning Capabilities: A Novel “One-Pot” Tanning–Dyeing Integration Strategy for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing

Providing Natural Organic Pigments with Excellent Tanning Capabilities: A Novel “One-Pot” Tanning–Dyeing Integration Strategy for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing

Sustainable metal-free leather manufacture via synergistic effects of triazine derivative and vegetable tannins

Magnetite-impregnated biochar of parthenium hysterophorus for adsorption of Cr(VI) from tannery industrial wastewater

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