“…The macroscopic pedestrian model focuses on studying the whole moving trend of the crowd described by the average speed, density, location, and time. The typical macroscopic model usually means the fluid dynamic model which treats the pedestrian flow as fluid or gas [26,27]. Applications of the pedestrian simulations prompted a number of commercial evacuation software programs, such as EGRESS, EXODUS, SIMULEX, EXITT, WAYOUT, FDS+Evac, etc.…”