A Robust Disjoint Multipath Scheme based on Geographic Routing in Irregular Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Sensor networks are composed of a great number of sensor nodes with constrained battery. Disjoint multipath scheme based flooding method has a merit that efficiently construct multipath in irregular networks, but causes lots of energy consumption in networks. Flooding method is not a suitable technology in wireless sensor networks with constrained battery. We introduce energy-efficient geographic routing scheme considered as an efficient, simple, and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The geographic routing scheme on multipath generates a problem with a congestion. So we introduce the concept of multipath pipeline as a congestion avoidance strategy. But multipath pipelines have a big problem on the boundary of holes under irregular networks. We propose a novel disjoint multipath scheme as combined method with geographic routing scheme and hole detouring algorithm on multipath. A novel disjoint multipath scheme constructs disjoint multipath pipelines efficiently for reliability without a collision in irregular wireless sensor networks. Simulation results are provided to validate the claims.

Energy-Efficient and Disjoint Multipath Using Face Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…This section introduces related studies for bypassing the hole area in multipath studies. In the hole area, it is impossible to communicate between each sensor [8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17]28]. A hole area can be generated because of sensor deployment in WSNs.…”

“…Multipath research in WSNs uses various strategies to improve the reliability of transmission from a source node to a destination, i.e., multipath research tries to improve reliability using several perspectives, such as path redundancy, which provides opportunities to deliver packets to a network gateway, and load-balancing for data traffic over a network. Among several multipath research issues, one of the important multipath research issues is a disjoint characteristic that maintains the spacing between multiple generated paths [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The so-called disjoint multipath means that this multipath does not exploit the same nodes or links as other generated multipaths.…”

“…To solve this problem, multipath research maintains the disjoint feature using additional methods in hole areas. One of the multipath studies that avoids the hole area is the robust disjoint multipath routing scheme (RDM), which undertakes hole modeling to avoid hole areas [16,17]. However, due to hole modeling, RDM requires a lot of overhead from the sensor nodes, which have limited resources.…”

“…In performance evaluation, the proposed scheme compares and analyzes two studies in a given simulation environment. One is reference [16,17], which performs the hole-modeling process to bypass the hole area, and the other is the reference [28], which performs face routing to detour the hole area. As a result of the simulation, the proposed scheme has less energy consumption and less delay time than the two comparison targets, because it mainly uses greedy forwarding around the identified hole-detour area.…”

Flexible Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol Using Local Decision in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…제안된 프로토콜의 성능 평가를 위해서 데이터 전달 률과 전달 지연시간, 에너지 소비량을 시험 항목으로 선정하고, 무선 센서 네트워크에서 선행 연구된 분리 형 다중경로 프로토콜들인 EDM [12] 과 RDGM [13] , RDM [14] 을 제안 프로토콜 FDMR과 비교 분석하였다.…”