Sensor networks are composed of a great number of sensor nodes with constrained battery. Disjoint multipath scheme based flooding method has a merit that efficiently construct multipath in irregular networks, but causes lots of energy consumption in networks. Flooding method is not a suitable technology in wireless sensor networks with constrained battery. We introduce energy-efficient geographic routing scheme considered as an efficient, simple, and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The geographic routing scheme on multipath generates a problem with a congestion. So we introduce the concept of multipath pipeline as a congestion avoidance strategy. But multipath pipelines have a big problem on the boundary of holes under irregular networks. We propose a novel disjoint multipath scheme as combined method with geographic routing scheme and hole detouring algorithm on multipath. A novel disjoint multipath scheme constructs disjoint multipath pipelines efficiently for reliability without a collision in irregular wireless sensor networks. Simulation results are provided to validate the claims.
Holes that generated by the unpredictable and harsh nature application environment or uneven energy consumption are an inevitable phenomenon in wireless sensor networks. Most of the existing schemes for this hole problem tend to use a static detour path to bypass a hole. The static detour path may lead to uneven energy consumption of the nodes on the boundary of the hole, thus it may enlarge the region of holes. At the same time, traffic would concentrate on the nodes on the boundary of the hole and tend to be depleted quickly.To solve this problem, we introduce energy-efficient grid-based geographic routing and hole-detouring scheme by taking advantage of grid anchor point in wireless sensor network with holes. The location of hole detour anchor node is dynamically shifted in grid cell. just generating dynamic hole detour paths to reduce total energy consumption. Simulation results are provided to validate the claims.
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