A revised polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of the X. americanum-group

Abstract

The species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 are listed and their current status is indicated. A revised polytomous key to the 172 valid species (excluding the X. americanum-group) is presented. Because of the very large number of species the key is split into eight groups on the basis of development of the anterior female genital branch, uterine differentiation and tail shape. In accordance with the opinion of Cohn & Sher (1972) X.vulgare Tarjan, 1964 is considered a synonym of X. setariae Luc, 1968. X. cubense Razzhivin, 1973 is placed in species inquirendae. Longidorella chappuisi (Schneider, 1935) is transferred to Xiphinema and its possible identity with X. hygrophilum Southey & Luc, 1974 is discussed.

Distribution and morphometrical characterization of Xiphinema pachtaicum, X. simile and X. brevicollum from Hungary

“…The number of species in the genus is well over 200 (Loof & Luc, 1990) and this number is expected to grow as research continues, completed with novel methods, such as molecular taxonomy (Molinari et al, 1997(Molinari et al, , 2004De Giorgi et al, 1999). In Central and Eastern Europe, Xiphinema has been surveyed intensely only in some countries e.g.…”

Morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinema species from Shenzhen, China

“…Photomicrographs were taken with a Leica video camera (DFC490) fi tted on a Leica microscope (DM4000B), and edited using Adobe Photoshop CS5. Morphological identifi cation of specimens for Xiphinema was done using the polytomous keys provided by Lamberti et al (2000Lamberti et al ( , 2004 and Loof & Luc (1990), with corresponding species descriptions.…”

“…. A revised polytomous key code sensu Loof & Luc (1990) for X. hunaniense identifi cation is: A1-B4-C4-D4-E1-F2-G2-H2-I3-J4-K2-L1. Lordello, 1951 (Fig.…”

“…2 (Lordello, 1951) and other populations (Cordero, 2003), except for a higher b and c value (5.50 vs 5.05 and 41.60 vs 24.55) (Lordello, 1951), but lie within the ranges of those reported by Cordero (2003). A revised polytomous key code sensu Loof and Luc (1990) for X. brasiliense identifi cation is: A1-B4-C5-D5-E1-F2-G2(3)-H1(2)-I3-J5-K?-L1.…”

“…They are typically divided into two groups, namely X. americanum-group with about 50 species and non-X. americanum-group (Loof & Luc, 1990;Lamberti et al, 2000). The genus Xiphinema includes phytopathogenic species that damage a large number of wild and cultivated plants through direct feeding on root cells and transmission of several plant-pathogenic viruses (Taylor & Brown, 1997).…”