A Review on the Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled With 2,5-Dimethylfuran Compared to Ethanol and Gasoline

Abstract

Currently, the supply of diminishing fossil fuel reserves, and the rise in challenges in environmental, political and economic consequences have caused the great concerns in the development of modern society, these have been forced the policy makers and researchers to look for the renewable and green energy sources. Deemed as a promising renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF, chemical formula C6H8O) – a derivative of furan – has the potential to relieve the growing shortage of fossil fuels while satisfying the increase in global energy demand and minimizing the adverse effects of climate change. DMF can be used as a clean source of liquid transportation biofuel given the fact that it is directly obtained from biomass-derived carbohydrates. In reviewing current DMF production methods, this review paper analyzes and presents the comparison of catalytic performance in the conversion of biomass into DMF. In addition, the applicability of DMF in spark ignition (SI) engines is thoroughly analyzed based on the spray and flame, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of SI engines running on DMF compared with ethanol and gasoline. More interestingly, the knocking, lubrication, and wear characteristics in SI engines fueled with DMF are also evaluated and discussed. Nonetheless, further investigation on optimization strategies on DMF production process should be conducted prior to the initiation of large-scale commercialization as well as the application of DMF to real-world SI engines.

A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines

“…Due to the rich content of oxygen, high ratio of stoichiometric air/fuel, low sulfur content, and high ratio of hydrogen/carbon, the concentration of emission are declined. Some similar discussions have also been shown in the comparative studies using the DMF additive by Tran et al (Tran et al, 2021) (Chan, 2018) and Bui et al (Balasubramanian et al, 2021a). Moreover, findings from the study by Akcay et al (Akcay and Ozer, 2019) observed that the use of fusel oil mixtures declined CO, NOx, and smoke emissions.…”

Catalyst-Based Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran from Carbohydrates as a Sustainable Biofuel Production Route

“…Recently, several studies have also confirmed the aptness of DMF for internal combustion engines (ICEs), without the need for further engine modification, − suggesting that DMF could be a potential biofuel in the future. In the literature, there are some reviews over the DMF synthesis as well as the use of DMF for ICEs as an alternative fuel.…”

A systematic study into the effect of lignocellulose-derived biofuels on the combustion and emissions of fossil diesel blends in a compression ignition engine

“…9Both DMF and MF have been tested in combustion engines due to their high energy density and blending ability, but almost exclusively in gasoline engines due to their low carbon and high octane numbers (119 for DMF and 103 for MF). 15,16 Studies into the use of these as diesel fuel blends are more scarce due to relatively high resistance to autoignitoin. [17][18][19][20] Saturated derivatives are arguably more applicable for diesel engines as it has been shown that these are more prone to autoignition with higher cetane numbers, 15,21,22 although some contradictions to this have been found based on the engine operating conditions.…”