A systematic study into the effect of lignocellulose-derived biofuels on the combustion and emissions of fossil diesel blends in a compression ignition engine

Frost, James; Hellier, Paul; Ladommatos, Nicos

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122663

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Butanol was selected as a co-solvent due to its frequent use in diesel blend studies and the improvement in emissions this molecule can bring when utilised in low quantities. 17,40,41 A study by Yang utilised butanol in a blend with both diesel and GVL, which determined little change in engine power when utilising higher percentages of oxygenated fuel, with major reductions in HC emissions and smoke opacity. 42 In the current study however, the proportion of lactone relative to butanol was maximised so as to best be able to observe the effects of varying lactone molecular structure.…”

Section: Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further details of the engine and its auxiliaries can be found in previous work published by the group, while a schematic of the entire setup can be found in Figure S3 (Supplementary Information). 17 Measurements of incylinder pressure and exhaust gas composition were taken for all experiments.…”

Section: Research Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such fuels are derived from lignocellulose; the structure comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that makes up the basic integrity of all plant life. A previous investigation by the current authors 17 undertook a screening study of various molecules that were deemed to be potentially sourced from this lignocellulose for use diesel blend components. Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the main platform chemicals of C5 (hemicellulose) and C6 (cellulose) derived sugars, and thus derivatives of these were used for these tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bio-derived lactones – Combustion and exhaust emissions of a new class of renewable fuels

Frost

Hellier

Ladommatos

2023

Energy Conversion and Management

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Section: Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bio-derived lactones – Combustion and exhaust emissions of a new class of renewable fuels

Frost

Hellier

Ladommatos

2023

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…By reviewing the studies in all points of view, to bridge research gaps, an exploration of a new and mild chemical catalytic process to synthesize HMF-monoesters to be used as diesel additives is initiated. In addition, research on the synthesized HMF fuel additives validated in real usage conditions of diesel engines was rarely seen; only few cases have been reported for combustion and emission characteristics. − Therefore, for the objectives of this study, the starting HMF was prepared and then esterified with different-chain length free fatty acids (C8–C18) using cyanuric chloride as a catalyst. A series of esters, HMF-FA, and the reduced form, HMF-FA-OH, were synthesized, identified, and evaluated for their properties with a diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural Monoesters and Alcohols as Fuel Additives toward Their Performance and Combustion Characteristics in Compression Ignition Engines

Nilaphai

Thepwatee

Kaeopookum³

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and conversion to the corresponding HMF-monoesters upon certain treatment are presented with their properties that are validated in a diesel engine. With a collection of fatty acids (C8–C18) using cyanuric acid as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions, the subsequent reduction of the HMF-monoesters with NaBH4 produced the corresponding alcohols. After purification, both HMF-monoesters and their alcohol derivatives were determined for their solubility, cetane index, heat of combustion, viscosity, and specific gravity. HMF-Capric (1-C10), HMF-Oleic (1-C18:1), HMF-Caprylic-OH (2-C8), and HMF-Oleic-OH (2-C18:1) were soluble in a neat diesel fuel. The observed highest cetane index and heat of combustion of 1-C10 and 1-C18:1 were evaluated for combustion characteristics in a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The diesel fuel containing 3% 1-C10 displayed comparable properties during burning in terms of thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, and heat release rate with respect to the neat diesel fuel (D100) for all usage engine speeds. In general, all tested fuels initiated their burning onset with a similar ignition delay period. The 3% 1-C10-blended diesel fuel emitted slightly higher smoke opacity but an equivalent nitric oxide level compared to those of D100. The HMF-Capric (1-C10) synthesized in this study represents a promising additive for diesel fuel. Blended fuel lubricity and other unregulated emissions upon broader engine test cycles are suggested to be accomplished in future work.

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“…Although previous research on C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbons has contributed to a better understanding of their pyrolysis and combustion, there persist gaps in the understanding of how their molecular structure impacts on the initial formation of PAHs and soot. There remains also a need to develop experimental methodologies that deliver further detailed insights into the decomposition of sustainable fuels from biomass [35] and the subsequent formation of PAH. The formation of benzene from short-chain alkanes has been reported in the literature by several researchers [8,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling of Gas-Phase Intermediate Pyrolytic Species at Various Temperatures and Residence Times during Pyrolysis of Methane, Ethane, and Butane in a High-Temperature Flow Reactor

et al. 2023

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Air pollution in many major cities is endangering public health and is causing deterioration of the environment. Particulate emissions (PM) contribute to air pollution as they carry toxic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on their surface. Abatement of PM requires continuous strict emission regulation and, in parallel, the development of fuels with reduced formation of PM. Key processes in the formation of PM are the decomposition of hydrocarbon fuels and the synthesis of potential precursors that lead to the formation of benzene rings and thereafter growth to PAHs and eventually PM. Methane, ethane and butane are important components of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, and are also widely used in transportation, industrial processes and power generation. This paper reports on a quantitative investigation of the intermediate gaseous species present during pyrolysis of methane, ethane and butane in a laminar flow reactor. The investigation aimed to further the understanding of the decomposition process of these fuels and the subsequent formation of aromatic rings. The pyrolysis of methane, ethane and butane were carried out in a tube reactor under laminar flow conditions and within a temperature range of 869–1213 °C. The fuels were premixed in nitrogen carrier gas at a fixed carbon atom concentration of 10,000 ppm, and were pyrolysed under oxygen-free conditions. Intermediate gaseous species were collected from within the tube reactor at different residence times using a specially designed high-temperature ceramic sampling probe with arrangements to quench and freeze the reactions at entry to the probe. Identification and quantification of intermediate species were carried out using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). During methane pyrolysis, it was observed that as the concentration of acetylene increased, the concentration of benzene also increased, suggesting that the benzene ring is formed via the cyclo trimerisation of acetylene. With all three fuels, all intermediate species disappeared at higher temperatures and residence times, suggesting that those species converted into species higher than benzene, for example naphthalene. It was observed that increasing carbon chain length lowered the temperature at which fuel breakdown occurred and also affected the relative abundance of intermediate species.

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A systematic study into the effect of lignocellulose-derived biofuels on the combustion and emissions of fossil diesel blends in a compression ignition engine

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Bio-derived lactones – Combustion and exhaust emissions of a new class of renewable fuels

Bio-derived lactones – Combustion and exhaust emissions of a new class of renewable fuels

Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural Monoesters and Alcohols as Fuel Additives toward Their Performance and Combustion Characteristics in Compression Ignition Engines

Sampling of Gas-Phase Intermediate Pyrolytic Species at Various Temperatures and Residence Times during Pyrolysis of Methane, Ethane, and Butane in a High-Temperature Flow Reactor

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