A Review on Stem cell Research &amp; Their Role in Various Diseases

R, Arun Kumar; D, Sathish Kumar; Nishanth, T

doi:10.4172/2157-7633.1000112

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Stem cells (SCs) field of research, named "regenerative medicine, " has emerged rapidly with huge interest among scientists and clinicians [5]. Stem cell therapy can be mediated by a direct contribution to the functional hepatocyte population with embryonic, induced pluripotent, or adult stem cells (ASCs) or by promotion of endogenous regenerative processes through the bone marrow (BM)-derived SCs [6]. SCs are unspecialized cells with an extraordinary ability to self-renew, capable of differentiating into one or more specialized cell types playing a crucial role in homeostasis and tissue repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

El-Araby

Sobhy

Naeem

et al. 2022

Egypt Liver Journal

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Background Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) in the developed world. We aimed at studying the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in accelerating healing of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Results This prospective study included 50 male albino rats divided into 2 groups: hepatotoxic group and non-hepatotoxic group. Hepatotoxicity was induced in experimental rats by acetaminophen and then stem cells were transplanted into the rats and their effects on the liver cells were assessed. After injection of BM MSCs, the cells reached the targeted tissues. They were established in the central veins and blood sinusoids in the liver tissue. The hepatotoxic liver showed degeneration and loss of normal hepatic architecture as well as necrotic areas and congestion mainly in the portal tract vessels, dilation of blood sinusoids, and infiltration by inflammatory cells around the central veins. In addition, there were abnormal nuclei either irregular in shape or showing loss of open face compared to the normal control group. The liver tissue in BM MSC-treated group showed restoration of normal architecture of the liver tissue. Conclusion Administration of MSCs has hepato-therapeutic effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The mechanism of this hepatoprotective effect may be through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory actions of MSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

El-Araby

Sobhy

Naeem

et al. 2022

Egypt Liver Journal

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“…A multipotent cell could be further differentiated into various but limited cell types, while a pluripotent cell could be differentiated into any desired cell type ( Figure 1). This process holds great promise for biomedical applications to use it as a potential treatment for human diseases and study cellular pathology in the cell culture dish [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Studies demonstrated that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like pluripotent state [9] or a multipotent state [10][11][12] and by that generated a lot of interest in understanding the molecular basis of cell fate determination and developmental biology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Neural Reprogrammome using Bioinformatics Approaches

Thummer¹

2013

J Stem Cell Res Ther

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Recent studies demonstrate that mammalian cells can be artificially reprogrammed by ectopic expression of transcription factors in an unforeseen straightforward manner. Patient-derived reprogrammed cells hold great potential for biomedical applications such as cell replacement therapy, drug toxicity studies and disease modeling. Somatic cells such as fibroblasts can be dedifferentiated into so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by overexpression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. However, clinical applications using iPSCs carry the risk of tumor formation due to incomplete differentiation. More recently, it has been demonstrated that transcription factor-driven reprogramming enables direct conversion of fibroblasts into neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes as well as neural progenitors. Various groups elaborated protocols for the direct conversion of fibroblasts into multipotent induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) using different combinations of transcription factors and media conditions. These studies have shown that iNSCs exhibit morphology, gene expression and self-renewing capacity similar to NSCs derived from primary tissue. Moreover, these iNSCs differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes indicating multipotency of these cells. Here, we compare the gene expression profile of reprogrammed cells reported in these studies to determine the similarity in expression profile between the generated iNSCs using bioinformatics approaches. We provide a general workflow that can be applied to evaluate the status of reprogrammed cell populations. Using hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), we show that iNSCs reported by Thier et al. resemble more closely to those of Han et al. On the other hand, iNSCs generated by Ring et al. are relatively similar to 4F iNSC (late) of the study by Han et al. as judged by hierarchical clustering analysis. Our study demonstrates that bioinformatics approaches are particularly valuable to robustly assess the transcriptional status of reprogrammed cells and to anticipate their cellular functionality.

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“…As a result, stem cells must be identified prospectively & purified carefully in order to study their properties [6]. Human stem cell research holds an enormous potential to contribute the understanding of fundamental human biology [7]. Because of their ability stem cells can differentiate into any tissue type, they have huge potential in various disease therapies and traumatic injuries [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency of Various Types of Stem Cells and their Transplantation

A¹,

Srilatha²

2011

J Stem Cell Res Ther

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Stem cells are stirring great excitement in medical research. Stem cells are characterized by their three special properties of self renewal, differentiation and unspecialized nature. The capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types and be able to give rise to any mature cell type is referred to as potency. Human stem cell research holds an enormous potential and contribute to the understanding of fundamental human biology. Stem cell therapy is an amazing modern medical advancement that goes straight to the source of the problem and treats various disorders. Stem cell therapies are playing a major role in cell transplantation biology. This review describes various types of stem cells, their potency and transplantation.

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A Review on Stem cell Research & Their Role in Various Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 89 publications

The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

The regenerative effect of stem cells on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Exploring the Neural Reprogrammome using Bioinformatics Approaches

Potency of Various Types of Stem Cells and their Transplantation

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