A review on phreatic eruptions and their precursors

Barberi, F.; Bertagnini, A.; Landi, Patrizia; Principe, Claudia

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(92)90046-g

Cited by 197 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is generally difficult to predict the timing and likely size (VEI) of phreatic eruptions because their measurable precursors are weak and highly localized (e.g., Barberi et al 1992) or absent (e.g., Maeda et al 2015). Phreatic eruptions often occur during periods of elevated seismicity and high heat flow through the volcanic system, which can be potential precursors (e.g., Barberi et al 1992;Aoyama and Oshima 2008;Mordret et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

et al. 2015

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We analyzed seismicity linked to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan, on 27 September 2014. We first relocated shallow volcano tectonic (VT) earthquakes and long-period (LP) events from August to September 2014. By applying a matched-filter technique to continuous waveforms using these relocated earthquakes, we detected numerous additional micro-earthquakes beneath the craters. The relocated VT earthquakes aligned on a near-vertical plane oriented NNW-SSE, suggesting they occurred around a conduit related to the intrusion of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids into the craters. The frequency of VT earthquakes gradually increased from 6 September 2014 and reached a peak on 11 September 2014. After the peak, seismicity levels remained elevated until the eruption. b-values gradually increased from 1.2 to 1.7 from 11 to 16 September 2014 then declined gradually and dropped to 0.8 just before the eruption. During the 10-min period immediately preceding the phreatic eruption, VT earthquakes migrated in the up-dip direction as well as laterally along the NNW-SSE feature. The migrating seismicity coincided with an accelerated increase of pre-eruptive tremor amplitude and with an anomalous tiltmeter signal that indicated summit upheaval. Therefore, the migrating seismicity suggests that the vertical conduit was filled with pressurized fluids, which rapidly propagated to the surface during the final 10 min before the eruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phreatic eruptions often occur during periods of elevated seismicity and high heat flow through the volcanic system, which can be potential precursors (e.g., Barberi et al 1992;Aoyama and Oshima 2008;Mordret et al 2010). However, the fundamental processes related to preparatory and precursory stages of phreatic eruptions are poorly known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

et al. 2015

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“…Hydrothermal systems are relevant to a variety of hydrovolcanic phenomena, including hydrovolcanic eruptions (Barberi et al 1992;Germanovich and Lowell 1995;Browne and Lawless 2001). In this study, we focus on phreatic eruptions, defined by Barberi et al (1992), as the eruption style caused by underground aquifers, whether or not they are phreatic or geothermal, without direct involvement of a magma body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we focus on phreatic eruptions, defined by Barberi et al (1992), as the eruption style caused by underground aquifers, whether or not they are phreatic or geothermal, without direct involvement of a magma body. Although most phreatic eruptions are local phenomena affecting a limited area, they can be accompanied by hazards such as ballistic blocks, base surges, and debris avalanches, and precursors are often subtle (Barberi et al 1992). Germanovich and Lowell (1995) suggested a typical sequence of processes for phreatic eruptions: (1) dike injection, (2) hydrothermal system heating above the dike, and (3) rapid crack propagation due to thermal stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability-control on volcanic hydrothermal system: case study for Mt. Tokachidake, Japan, based on numerical simulation and field observation

Tanaka

Hashimoto

Matsushima

et al. 2017

Earth Planets Space

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We investigate a volcanic hydrothermal system by using numerical simulation with three key observables as reference: the magnetic total field, vent temperature, and heat flux. We model the shallow hydrothermal system of Mt. Tokachidake, central Hokkaido, Japan, as a case study. At this volcano, continuous demagnetization has been observed since at least 2008, suggesting heat accumulation beneath the active crater area. The surficial thermal manifestation has been waning since 2000. We perform numerical simulations of heat and mass flow within a modeled edifice at various conditions and calculate associated magnetic total field changes due to the thermomagnetic effect. We focus on the system's response for up to a decade after permeability is reduced at a certain depth in the modeled conduit. Our numerical simulations reveal that (1) conduit obstruction (i.e., permeability reduction in the conduit) tends to bring about a decrease in vent temperature and heat flux, as well as heat accumulation below the level of the obstruction, (2) the recorded changes cannot be consistently explained by changing heat supply from depth, and (3) caprock structure plays a key role in controlling the location of heating and pressurization. Although conduit obstruction may be caused by either physical or chemical processes in general, the latter seems more likely in the case of Mt. Tokachidake.

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“…According to (Barberi, Bertagnini, Landi, & Principe, 1992), phreatic eruptions are processes of fragmentation of pre-existing rock and ash due to explosions of steam. These eruptions do not directly involve magma as a source of material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic Analysis of the Volcanic Bombs and Blocks from Poás Volcano: April-June 2017 Eruptive Period

Madrigal¹,

Lücke²

2017

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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During the first semester of 2017, Poás Volcano, in the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA) initiated a period of volcanic unrest that included high energy phreatomagmatic and magmatic eruptions. The most notable eruptions occurred on April 14 th and April 22 nd of 2017, which produced abundant ashes and ballistic materials in the form of blocks and bombs. Here, we present results from the petrographic analyses conducted in the collected material from the largest eruptions of April 2017. Mineral textures observed on the petrographic analyses show evidence of reactivation and fragmentation of a crystal mush in the magma chamber, triggering re-melting episodes, volatile exsolution, and an increase in the pressure of the system, all of which are expected conditions during an eruption episode. Our analyses done on juvenile and non-juvenile material suggest that processes of magma mingling and injections of new batches of material of different compositions have played an important role throughout previous eruptions and likely in the current phase of volcanic activity in Poás.

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A review on phreatic eruptions and their precursors

Cited by 197 publications

References 31 publications

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

Preparatory and precursory processes leading up to the 2014 phreatic eruption of Mount Ontake, Japan

Permeability-control on volcanic hydrothermal system: case study for Mt. Tokachidake, Japan, based on numerical simulation and field observation

Petrographic Analysis of the Volcanic Bombs and Blocks from Poás Volcano: April-June 2017 Eruptive Period

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